TDS on virtual digital asset transfers: payer must deduct, deposit, and report tax before releasing consideration. Payers must deduct tax at source when paying consideration for transfer of virtual digital assets at the time of credit or payment; buyers in peer-to-peer trades are responsible for TDS, must deposit the tax, and file prescribed TDS statements. Specified person status determines higher exemption thresholds. For in-kind or VDA-for-VDA consideration, tax must be paid before release of consideration and proof produced; both parties in exchanges report TDS and challan details. Once TDS under the VDA mechanism is made, the separate purchase-related TDS provision need not apply.