Tax deducted at source under section 195: refund can be adjusted against liabilities and returned to the deductor. Refunds for excess or erroneous tax deducted under section 195 may be made to the person who deducted the tax, with prior approval of the Chief Commissioner, independent of statutory refund provisions. Excess is the difference between tax deducted and tax deductible; it must be adjusted against existing liabilities under the Direct Tax Acts and any remaining balance refunded. Branches are treated as separate units for adjustment and refund. The Income-tax Officer shall prepare refund vouchers, send them with the appropriate challan, and record the adjustment/refund in the quarterly TDS/annual return under the officer's signature.