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        VAT / Sales Tax

        2026 (2) TMI 327 - HC - VAT / Sales Tax

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        Sale for export versus sale in the course of export: court finds export nexus determines tax exemption and sets aside revision order. Whether a sale qualifies as a sale in the course of export or merely a sale for export turned on the export nexus: where export is inextricably linked to ...
                        Cases where this provision is explicitly mentioned in the judgment/order text; may not be exhaustive. To view the complete list of cases mentioning this section, Click here.

                            Sale for export versus sale in the course of export: court finds export nexus determines tax exemption and sets aside revision order.

                            Whether a sale qualifies as a sale in the course of export or merely a sale for export turned on the export nexus: where export is inextricably linked to the sale (including transfer of documents of title tied to export) the transaction falls within the course of export and attracts statutory exemption from State sales tax; where the seller is disconnected from export it is a sale for export. The court applied the Ben Gorm principle, found the revenue officer misconstrued the phrase "in the course of export," and allowed relief by setting aside the impugned revision order.




                            Issues: Whether the turnover from sales by the petitioner, where goods were sent outside India and consideration received in foreign exchange, constitutes a "sale in the course of export" within the meaning of Section 5(1) of the Central Sales Tax Act, 1956 and is therefore exempt from tax.

                            Analysis: The Court examined Section 5(1) of the Central Sales Tax Act, 1956 and the constitutional principle in Article 286(2). The Court relied on the established distinction between a "sale for export" and a "sale in the course of export" as articulated by the Supreme Court: a sale in the course of export requires an integral, inextricable link between the sale and the export such that the sale occasions the export (including transfer of documents of title after crossing customs frontiers or an obligation/contractual bond to export). The impugned revision order accepted that goods had been sent out of India and foreign exchange was received but concluded that these facts did not satisfy Section 5(1). On the facts before it, the Court found that the revision order misinterpreted the statutory test and failed to treat the turnover as falling within Section 5(1) where the requisite connection between sale and export was established.

                            Conclusion: The writ petition is allowed; the impugned order of revision dated 28.06.2019 is set aside and the petitioner's turnover in respect of the exported goods is to be treated as sales in the course of export under Section 5(1) of the Central Sales Tax Act, 1956 (decision in favour of the assessee).


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                            ActsIncome Tax
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