2025 (12) TMI 391 - HC - Customs

Writ petition succeeds as detention of seized gold beyond Customs Act Sections 110, 124 timelines held illegal

HC allowed the writ petition challenging detention of seized gold jewellery. It held that the items were brand-new gold ornaments brought from abroad and ... Challebge to detention of the personal effects consisting of one gold chain and one gold kada weighing a total of 200 grams - used gold jewellery or not - no SCN issued to the petitioner - violation of principles of natural justice - HELD THAT:- Upon a perusal of the gold items, it is clear that the gold items are not used gold jewellery of the Petitioners, and the same are absolutely brand new jewellery, which is stated to have been purchased by the Petitioners in Dubai and were being brought to India. Recently, the Supreme Court in Union of India & Anr. v. Jatin Ahuja, [2025 (10) TMI 1285 - SC ORDER] held that 'the time period to issue notice under Clause (a) of Section 124 is prescribed only in sub-section (2) of Section 110 of the Act, 1962. This time period has nothing to do ultimately with the issuance of show-cause notice under Section 124 of the Act, 1962. The two provisions are distinct and they operate in a different field.' The above decision is clear to the effect that if no SCN is issued within the time prescribed under Section 110 of the Customs Act, 1962, the seized goods are liable to be released. The time prescribed under Section 110 of the Act, is a period of six months and subject to reasons recorded in writing, the same may be extended for a maximum period of six months. In this case, the one year period itself has elapsed, thus no SCN can be issued at this stage. The continued detention of seized gold items is, therefore, impermissible and the same are liable to be released to the Petitioners. Cnsidering the above decision as also the facts of the case, since no SCN has been issued to the Petitioner, it is directed that the Customs Department shall release the seized gold items to the Petitioner, subject to fulfilment of conditions imposed - petition disposed off. 1. ISSUES PRESENTED AND CONSIDERED 1.1 Whether continued detention of seized gold items is lawful when no show cause notice has been issued within the time limits prescribed under Section 110(2) of the Customs Act, 1962. 1.2 Whether, in the facts of the case, the seized gold items are liable to be released to the petitioners and, if so, on what terms and conditions. 1.3 Whether costs are liable to be imposed on the petitioners for having misrepresented the nature of the seized jewellery as 'old jewellery'. 2. ISSUE-WISE DETAILED ANALYSIS Issue 1 - Legality of continued detention in absence of show cause notice under Section 110(2) Legal framework 2.1 The Court referred to Section 110(2) of the Customs Act, 1962, which prescribes that if no notice under clause (a) of Section 124 is given within six months of seizure, the seized goods shall be returned, with a further possible extension of up to six months by the Principal Commissioner/Commissioner for reasons recorded in writing and communicated before expiry of the initial period. 2.2 The Court relied on the decision of the Supreme Court in Union of India & Anr. v. Jatin Ahuja, which held that: (i) the only power to extend time for issuance of notice is under the first proviso to Section 110(2); (ii) Section 110A, being an interim power to release goods, does not affect or dilute the mandatory operation of Section 110(2); and (iii) failure to issue notice under Section 124(a) within the prescribed/extended period results in an obligation to return the seized goods. Interpretation and reasoning 2.3 It was undisputed before the Court that no show cause notice had been issued in respect of the seized gold items. 2.4 The Court noted, following the Supreme Court, that the time period to issue notice under clause (a) of Section 124 is governed solely by Section 110(2), and that this time prescription is mandatory and distinct from the general power to issue a show cause notice under Section 124. 2.5 The Court observed that the statutory period of six months from seizure, even if extended by a further maximum period of six months under the proviso to Section 110(2), had in any event expired; hence, the outer limit of one year had elapsed without issuance of any show cause notice. 2.6 On these facts, the Court held that continuation of detention of the gold items after expiry of the maximum permissible period, in the absence of a show cause notice or a valid extension under Section 110(2), is impermissible in law and attracts the statutory consequence of release. Conclusions 2.7 The seized gold items could not be lawfully detained beyond the statutory period in Section 110(2) of the Customs Act, 1962, as no show cause notice had been issued within that period or its permissible extension. 2.8 The gold items were, therefore, liable to be released to the petitioners. Issue 2 - Direction for release and conditions imposed Interpretation and reasoning 2.9 The Court recorded, upon physical inspection, that the seized items were 'absolutely brand new jewellery' and not used or old jewellery as claimed by the petitioners. 2.10 Nonetheless, applying the binding ratio of the Supreme Court decision, the Court held that the character of the jewellery (old vs new) did not alter the statutory consequence under Section 110(2) once no show cause notice was issued within the prescribed time. 2.11 Considering the statutory position and the factual matrix, the Court directed that the release of the seized gold items would be subject to compliance by the petitioners with fiscal and procedural requirements. Conclusions 2.12 The Customs Department was directed to release the seized gold items to the petitioners, subject to: * Payment of the entire applicable customs duty by the petitioners; and * Payment of full warehousing charges as applicable on the date of detention. 2.13 The petitioners were directed to appear (personally or through an authorised representative, with due verification of authorisation) before the Customs Department on the specified date to complete the formalities, whereupon the goods would be released on proof of compliance with the Court's conditions. Issue 3 - Imposition of costs for misrepresentation regarding the nature of jewellery Interpretation and reasoning 2.14 The petitioners had stated that the detained gold items were their 'old jewellery' being worn by them; however, upon production and perusal of the jewellery in Court, it was found that the items were not old jewellery but clearly brand new pieces purchased in Dubai. 2.15 The Court held that the petitioners had given an incorrect impression to the Court as to the nature of the seized jewellery, warranting imposition of costs. Conclusions 2.16 Costs of Rs. 10,000/- in each petition were imposed on the petitioners, directed to be deposited with the Delhi High Court Bar Clerk Association by a specified date. 2.17 Production of proof of such deposit before the Customs Authority on the date fixed for appearance was made a condition precedent to effecting release of the gold items.