2025 (8) TMI 1172 - AT - Income Tax

Assessee's s.68 cash receipts from genuine business sales upheld after verification of books and invoices; AO's disallowance quashed

The DCIT, Circle-1 (1) (1), Vadodara Versus Radhika Diamonds, Vadodara

The DCIT, Circle-1 (1) (1), Vadodara Versus Radhika Diamonds, Vadodara - TMI ISSUES PRESENTED AND CONSIDERED 1. Whether an addition under section 68 on account of alleged unexplained cash credit of Rs. 1,00,00,000/- was justified where large cash sales were recorded immediately prior to demonetization and the assessee produced cash-deposit charts, sales/purchase/stock details and customer receipts. 2. Whether the assessee's failure to deposit cash into bank prior to demonetization, without further explanation, justified sustaining the addition under section 68 and invocation of section 115BBE as income from undisclosed sources. ISSUE-WISE DETAILED ANALYSIS Issue 1: Validity of addition under section 68 in respect of alleged unexplained cash credit arising from large pre-demonetization cash sales Legal framework: Section 68 requires that where any sum is found credited in the books as a debt or share capital or any other sum, the assessee must show the nature and source of such credit; if not satisfactorily explained, the sum may be treated as income. The Assessing Officer bears initial obligation to point to unexplained cash credit; thereafter the assessee must satisfactorily explain source. Precedent treatment: The Tribunal considered and relied upon authorities addressing cash sales, verification of books, and the requirement that books not be rejected and that business genuineness be tested by reference to supporting documents. The decision follows precedents that if business transactions, cash receipts and contemporaneous books are not doubted and are supported by invoices and stock records, additions under section 68 are not warranted. Interpretation and reasoning: The Tribunal noted that (a) the Assessing Officer did not reject the books of account nor invoke section 145(3); (b) there was no challenge to the assessee's business activity, opening stock, purchases, sales or closing stock; (c) cash receipts, including substantial cash sales in October-November 2016, were recorded in the books and supported by sale/purchase invoices and stock charts; and (d) the CIT(A) had categorically verified the cash-flow chart, list of purchases, sales invoices and period-wise cash-sales details. Given those facts, the Tribunal held that the AO failed to demonstrate that the cash credit was from an undisclosed source or that the entries were fabricated. The presence of contemporaneous records and the absence of any reproach to the books meant the statutory requirement for treating entries as unexplained was not met. Ratio vs. Obiter: Ratio - where cash receipts are recorded in books, the business is not doubted, books are not rejected, and supporting invoices/stock records are produced and verified, the requirement to treat such cash credits as unexplained under section 68 is not satisfied. Obiter - discussion on the timing of deposits vis-à-vis demonetization as a suspicious circumstance but insufficient, by itself, to sustain an addition absent other indicia. Conclusions: The Tribunal upheld the CIT(A)'s deletion of the addition under section 68 in respect of the Rs. 1,00,00,000/-, finding the AO's action unjustified in light of verified books and supporting documentation. The appeal against this deletion was dismissed. Issue 2: Whether non-deposit of cash into bank prior to demonetization, without specific explanation, justifies invoking section 115BBE or treating the amount as undisclosed income Legal framework: Section 115BBE applies to income of specified nature deemed to be income from undisclosed sources; for invocation there must be a proper foundation that the amount constitutes income from undisclosed sources. Ordinary tax principles require that the AO establish that the amount is unexplained income and that the assessee has no satisfactory explanation. Precedent treatment: The Tribunal relied on authorities which require a holistic evaluation - mere timing of deposit or delay in banking cash does not automatically convert recorded business receipts into undisclosed income where contemporaneous records substantiate the transactions and the business books are not rejected. Interpretation and reasoning: The Tribunal observed that the AO's basis - that cash was deposited during demonetization and therefore presumably derived from old-currency undisclosed sources - was speculative where the assessee had contemporaneous explanations, transaction-wise sales invoices, cash-deposit charts and accepted purchases/stock records. The AO did not identify any falsity in the books or any inconsistency in stock/purchase/sales data. In absence of such infirmity, the mere fact of delayed deposit or concentration of cash sales in a festival period surrounding demonetization was not sufficient to treat those receipts as undisclosed income or to invoke section 115BBE. Ratio vs. Obiter: Ratio - invocation of section 115BBE and treating cash deposits as undisclosed income requires more than timing of deposits; there must be positive demonstration that the credited sums are unexplained or fabricated. Obiter - remarks that concentrated cash sales around demonetization can be a factor to be weighed but cannot alone displace verified books and supporting evidence. Conclusions: The Tribunal found no merit in sustaining section 115BBE invocation or treating the cash as income from undisclosed sources merely on the ground of deposit timing. The CIT(A)'s deletion of the addition on these grounds was affirmed except for a separate smaller addition already sustained and not appealed by the assessee. Cross-reference and ancillary point The Tribunal noted that a limited addition of Rs. 3,65,000/- in respect of a particular customer cash receipt (excess of Rs. 2,00,000/- without PAN) had been confirmed by the CIT(A) and was not challenged by the assessee; that confirmation stands independent of the main deletion and was not interfered with by the Tribunal. Final conclusion The Tribunal dismissed the revenue's appeal, upholding the deletion of the principal addition under section 68 and refusing to sustain invocation of section 115BBE, on the basis that books and contemporaneous records were accepted and verified and the AO had not satisfactorily shown the cash credits to be from undisclosed or fabricated sources.