2025 (8) TMI 840 - AT - Income Tax

Section 69A Addition for Cash Deposits Not Justified Without Evidence of Unexplained Income

Pinkeshkumar Melapchand Shah Versus The ITO, Ward-2 (2) (4) Ahmedabad.

Pinkeshkumar Melapchand Shah Versus The ITO, Ward-2 (2) (4) Ahmedabad. - TMI 1. ISSUES PRESENTED and CONSIDERED Whether the addition of Rs. 16,69,608/- under section 69A of the Income-tax Act, 1961, based on unexplained cash deposits in the assessee's bank account, is sustainable in law and on facts. Whether the rejection of additional evidence submitted under Rule 46A of the Income Tax Rules, 1962, by the CIT(A) was justified. Whether the cash deposits in question were rightly treated as unexplained money despite the assessee's claim that they arose from accounted business sales reconciled with VAT returns. Whether the presumptive taxation scheme under section 44AD applies to the assessee, and if so, whether taxing the entire cash deposits under section 69A results in double taxation. Whether the Assessing Officer (AO) complied with the procedural and substantive requirements before invoking section 69A. 2. ISSUE-WISE DETAILED ANALYSIS Issue 1: Admission of Additional Evidence under Rule 46A Legal Framework and Precedents: Rule 46A(1) of the Income Tax Rules, 1962, permits the admission of additional evidence at the appellate stage if the appellant was prevented by sufficient cause from producing it before the AO or if the AO refused to admit evidence which ought to have been admitted. Judicial precedents establish that technical objections should not defeat substantive justice when sufficient cause is shown and the evidence goes to the root of the matter. Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The assessee submitted a detailed representation dated 24.12.2022 explaining inadvertent non-compliance due to lack of awareness of e-proceedings and absence of professional guidance. The request for admission of additional evidence included profit and loss accounts, balance sheet, computation of income, and VAT returns. The CIT(A) rejected the request primarily on the ground that no formal application under Rule 46A was filed. The Court held that the detailed representation sufficed to invoke Rule 46A(1)(c) and (d), constituting sufficient cause for non-production before the AO. The Court emphasized that the documents went to the root of the matter and that rejecting them on technical grounds would defeat substantive justice. Conclusion: The Court allowed admission and consideration of the additional evidence submitted at the appellate stage. Issue 2: Validity of Addition under Section 69A on Cash Deposits Legal Framework and Precedents: Section 69A applies when the assessee is found to be the owner of money not recorded in books of account and fails to satisfactorily explain its nature and source. The provision is a deeming fiction and cannot be invoked mechanically or in terrorem. The AO must establish ownership, non-recording in books, and unsatisfactory explanation cumulatively. Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The AO reopened the assessment based on AIR information of cash deposits amounting to Rs. 16,69,608/-, issued notices under sections 133(6), 148, and 142(1), but the assessee did not respond during reassessment. The AO treated the deposits as unexplained money and made the addition under section 69A. However, the Court noted that the AO did not conduct any independent enquiry or bring any material to disprove the assessee's claim that the deposits were business receipts. The assessee's ownership of the bank account was undisputed. The assessee furnished, at the appellate stage, profit and loss accounts showing total sales of Rs. 22,54,232/-, VAT returns (CST Form 3B) for all quarters of the relevant year, a balance sheet reflecting cash and bank balances, and a computation of income showing taxable income below the exemption limit. The Court found that these documents were contemporaneous and corroborated the source of cash deposits as business receipts. The AO failed to challenge the genuineness of these returns or the existence of business. The Court held that the presumption under section 69A was rebutted by the explanation and supporting evidence. Key Evidence and Findings: Profit and loss account, balance sheet, quarterly VAT returns, computation of income, and the bank statement showing the deposits. Application of Law to Facts: Since the cash deposits matched the business turnover declared in statutory returns and books, and no contradictory material was brought on record, the cash deposits could not be treated as unexplained money under section 69A. Treatment of Competing Arguments: The Revenue relied on non-response during reassessment and absence of explanation at that stage. The Court held that non-response due to lack of awareness and absence of mala fide intent was explained, and substantive evidence now on record sufficed to rebut the addition. Conclusion: The addition under section 69A was unsustainable and liable to be deleted. Issue 3: Reconciliation of Cash Deposits with Business Turnover and VAT Returns Legal Framework: Business receipts reflected in statutory returns and books of account are relevant to explain cash deposits. VAT returns filed with the Commercial Tax Department are contemporaneous evidence of turnover. Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The assessee's turnover of Rs. 22,54,232/- as per profit and loss account and VAT returns closely matched the cash deposits of Rs. 16,69,608/-. The balance sheet disclosed the bank account and cash balances. The Court observed that the AO did not dispute the genuineness of these documents or the business existence. Application of Law to Facts: The close reconciliation and statutory filings support the assessee's claim that the cash deposits arose from business sales. Conclusion: The cash deposits were sufficiently explained and linked to declared business turnover, negating the characterization as unexplained money. Issue 4: Applicability of Presumptive Taxation Scheme under Section 44AD and Impact on Addition under Section 69A Legal Framework and Precedents: Section 44AD provides for presumptive taxation for small businesses with turnover below Rs. 40 lakhs, taxing 8% of gross receipts as income. Judicial precedents hold that where presumptive taxation applies, separate additions under section 69A on cash deposits are not warranted unless deposits are from extraneous sources. Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The assessee's turnover was below Rs. 40 lakhs, making him eligible for presumptive taxation under section 44AD. Taxing the entire cash deposit under section 69A would amount to double taxation. The Court found no material from the AO disproving the business source of deposits or indicating extraneous sources. Application of Law to Facts: The assessee's declared income after applying the presumptive rate and deductions under Chapter VI-A was below taxable limit. Conclusion: The addition under section 69A was unjustified and inconsistent with the presumptive taxation scheme; no addition survives if the source is accepted as business receipts. Issue 5: Procedural and Substantive Compliance by the AO before Invoking Section 69A Legal Framework: The AO must issue notices and provide opportunity to explain cash deposits before invoking section 69A. The burden is on AO to disprove the explanation and establish unexplained money. Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The AO issued multiple notices under sections 133(6), 148, and 142(1), but the assessee did not respond during reassessment proceedings. However, the Court accepted the explanation that non-response was due to lack of awareness and absence of professional guidance. The AO did not conduct independent enquiry or bring contradictory evidence to disprove the explanation. Conclusion: The AO's reliance solely on non-response without independent verification or contrary material was insufficient to sustain the addition under section 69A.