2025 (8) TMI 764 - AT - Income Tax

ITAT upholds rejection of reopening under Section 147 and addition under Section 68 due to lack of evidence

DCIT (Exemption) Circle, Pune Versus Shree Chanakya Education Society And (Vice-Versa) And DCIT (Exemption) Circle, Pune Versus Shree Chanakya Education Society

DCIT (Exemption) Circle, Pune Versus Shree Chanakya Education Society And (Vice-Versa) And DCIT (Exemption) Circle, Pune Versus Shree Chanakya Education ... 1. ISSUES PRESENTED and CONSIDERED 1. Whether the reopening of assessment under section 147 of the Income Tax Act, 1961, was justified based on the reasons recorded and information received from the Investigation Wing regarding alleged bogus purchases by the assessee trust. 2. Whether the addition of Rs. 1,85,00,000/- made by the Assessing Officer under section 68 of the Act treating the alleged bogus purchases as unexplained credit was sustainable. 3. Whether the statement recorded under section 132(4) of the Act of the alleged accommodation entry operator holds significant evidentiary value in absence of cross-examination and can be relied upon to establish bogus transactions. 4. Whether the Assessing Officer was required to conduct independent inquiry or third-party verification to establish the bogus nature of purchases before making additions. 5. Whether the assessee's status as a charitable trust registered under section 12A and claiming exemption under section 11, with excess application of income over receipts, negates the possibility of bogus purchases affecting taxable income. 6. Whether the proceedings initiated under section 147 are valid in light of the search conducted on the alleged accommodation entry operator and whether the Assessing Officer ought to have initiated proceedings under section 153C instead. 7. Whether penalty under section 271(1)(c) of the Act levied on the basis of the addition is justified when the addition itself is deleted. 2. ISSUE-WISE DETAILED ANALYSIS Issue 1: Justification for reopening assessment under section 147 - Legal Framework and Precedents: Section 147 permits reopening where the Assessing Officer has reason to believe that income chargeable to tax has escaped assessment. Explanation 2(b) to section 147 extends time limits in certain cases. The reopening must be based on credible material and reasons recorded. - Court's Reasoning: The Assessing Officer reopened the assessment based on information from the Investigation Wing indicating fictitious purchases from a shell entity linked to an accommodation entry operator. Reasons recorded detailed the modus operandi and linked the assessee's purchases to the shell entity. Sanction under section 151 was obtained as more than four years had elapsed. - Findings: The reopening was procedurally valid with reasons recorded and sanction obtained. However, the credibility of the material was questioned due to absence of independent verification and inconsistencies in the statement of the alleged operator. - Application of Law to Facts: The Court noted that the statement of the operator indicated that bogus bills were provided only from January 2018 onwards, whereas the assessment year in question was 2014-15. The Assessing Officer did not conduct further inquiry to establish that bogus bills were provided during the relevant year. - Treatment of Competing Arguments: Revenue argued reopening was justified on credible information. Assessee contended that the information was selectively relied upon and no independent inquiry was made. The Court found merit in the assessee's argument that reopening based solely on such information without further investigation was not justified. - Conclusion: Reopening was valid procedurally but the material basis for reopening was insufficient to establish escapement of income for the relevant year. Issue 2: Validity of addition of Rs. 1,85,00,000/- under section 68 treating purchases as unexplained credit - Legal Framework and Precedents: Section 68 allows addition of unexplained credits if the assessee fails to satisfactorily explain the nature and source of such credits. The genuineness of transactions must be established by the Assessing Officer. - Court's Reasoning: The Assessing Officer treated the purchases from the shell entity as bogus and added the amount under section 68. The CIT(A) deleted the addition on grounds that the assessee and its employees did not know the alleged operator and no opportunity was given to cross-examine him. No third-party inquiry was conducted and no material was produced to prove the bills were fake. The assessee's application of income exceeded its receipts, negating tax liability. - Key Evidence and Findings: The statement of the alleged operator indicated no bogus bills were provided during the relevant year. The assessee produced books of account, bank statements, and invoices. The excess application of income was Rs. 5,79,77,998/- beyond receipts. - Application of Law to Facts: The Court held that addition under section 68 requires independent verification and cannot be based solely on third-party statements without cross-examination or inquiry. The excess application of income further negated any tax liability. - Treatment of Competing Arguments: Revenue relied on investigation reports and statements to assert bogus nature. Assessee emphasized lack of independent inquiry and contradictory statements. The Court sided with the assessee on the need for independent inquiry and factual inconsistencies. - Conclusion: Addition under section 68 was not sustainable and rightly deleted by the CIT(A). Issue 3: Evidentiary value of statement recorded under section 132(4) without cross-examination - Legal Framework and Precedents: Statements recorded under section 132(4) have evidentiary value but principles of natural justice require opportunity for cross-examination for such statements to be relied upon conclusively. - Court's Reasoning: The CIT(A) and the Court noted that the assessee was not given opportunity to cross-examine the alleged operator. The statement indicated the operator began providing bogus bills only from 2018, post the relevant assessment year. Reliance on the statement without cross-examination was improper. - Treatment of Competing Arguments: Revenue argued the statement has significant evidentiary value. Assessee argued that absence of cross-examination and contradictory content diminished its value. The Court held that reliance on such statements without cross-examination is not justified. - Conclusion: Statement recorded under section 132(4) cannot be the sole basis for addition without cross-examination and independent verification. Issue 4: Requirement of independent inquiry or third-party verification before making additions - Legal Framework and Precedents: Judicial precedents mandate that Assessing Officers must conduct independent inquiry or third-party verification to establish the bogus nature of transactions before making additions. - Court's Reasoning: The Assessing Officer failed to conduct any third-party inquiry or independent verification despite having access to books of accounts, bank statements, and invoices. The Court emphasized that additions based on mere information from investigation wing or statements without independent inquiry are not sustainable. - Treatment of Competing Arguments: Revenue contended information from investigation wing sufficed. Assessee highlighted lack of inquiry and failure to verify facts. The Court concurred with the assessee's position. - Conclusion: Independent inquiry is essential before making additions on account of alleged bogus purchases. Issue 5: Effect of assessee's status as charitable trust and excess application of income on taxability and addition - Legal Framework and Precedents: Under section 11, income of a charitable trust is exempt if applied for charitable purposes. Excess application of income over receipts negates taxable income. Denial of exemption is limited to diversion or misapplication of funds. - Court's Reasoning: The assessee's application of income was Rs. 108,17,64,353/- against income of Rs. 102,37,86,355/-, showing excess application of Rs. 5,79,77,998/-. Even if the alleged bogus purchases were disallowed, the excess application negated any taxable income. The Court relied on precedents restricting denial of exemption to amounts diverted to prohibited persons. - Treatment of Competing Arguments: Revenue argued bogus purchases warranted addition. Assessee argued excess application negated tax liability. The Court accepted assessee's argument. - Conclusion: The assessee's excess application of income negates any tax liability and addition on account of alleged bogus purchases. Issue 6: Validity of proceedings initiated under section 147 instead of section 153C post search - Legal Framework and Precedents: Section 153C applies to assessments in cases where search or seizure has taken place. However, initiation under section 147 is not invalid merely because section 153C could have been invoked. - Court's Reasoning: The assessee contended that since incriminating material was found during search on the alleged operator, proceedings should have been initiated under section 153C. The Revenue relied on judicial decisions holding that initiation under section 147 is valid even if section 153C could have been invoked. - Conclusion: Proceedings under section 147 are valid and not vitiated by non-invocation of section 153C. Issue 7: Validity of penalty under section 271(1)(c) when addition is deleted - Legal Framework and Precedents: Penalty under section 271(1)(c) is contingent upon the addition being sustained. Deletion of addition generally leads to deletion of penalty. - Court's Reasoning: Since the addition of Rs. 1,85,00,000/- was deleted, the penalty levied on the same basis was rightly deleted by the CIT(A). The Court upheld the deletion of penalty. - Conclusion: Penalty under section 271(1)(c) was rightly deleted following deletion of addition.