2025 (8) TMI 692 - AT - Income Tax

Additions under Section 69A for unexplained cash deposits overturned due to lack of proper investigation and errors

Sandeep Singh Juna Lakhanpur Versus The Income Tax Officer, Ambikapur (C.G.)

Sandeep Singh Juna Lakhanpur Versus The Income Tax Officer, Ambikapur (C.G.) - TMI 1. ISSUES:1.1 Whether cash deposits partly accepted as pertaining to the period before demonetization and partly treated as unexplained by the Assessing Officer can be sustained as addition under the charging provision 'unexplained money u/s. 69A' without independent investigation into the specific disputed amount.1.2 Whether the appellate authority committed 'non-application of mind' by referring to the entire SBN amount when the assessment order disputed only a specific portion of the deposits.1.3 Whether application of an incorrect charging provision (e.g., Section 69 instead of Section 69A) or travelling beyond the scope of the appeal vitiates the addition.1.4 Whether additions characterized as 'misplaced and uncalled for, arbitrary and bad in law' should be deleted and the assessing officer directed accordingly.2. RULINGS / HOLDINGS:2.1 On the disputed deposits the Court holds that the addition under 'unexplained money u/s. 69A' cannot be sustained where the appellate authority failed to apply independent mind to the specific amount in controversy; the appellate order is set aside and the addition deleted.2.2 The Court finds that the appellate authority's treatment constituted 'non-application of mind' because it considered the entire SBN amount (Rs. 3,60,000) whereas the assessment order only disputed Rs. 2,30,500, and therefore the appellate conclusion lacked proper adjudication on the relevant quantum.2.3 The Court accepts the proposition that application of an incorrect charging section or making additions beyond the scope of the appeal vitiates the order; a wrong provision applied to the facts amounts to non-application of mind and renders the addition void.2.4 Concluding disposition: the additions made u/s. 69A are held to be 'misplaced and uncalled for, arbitrary and bad in law' and the Assessing Officer is directed to delete the addition; grounds of appeal are allowed.3. RATIONALE:3.1 Legal framework: the Court applied the statutory scheme distinguishing Section 69 (unexplained investments) and Section 69A ('unexplained money, bullion, jewellery or other valuable article') and emphasized that the correct charging provision must correspond to the nature of the transaction under scrutiny.3.2 Application of principle: where only a part of deposits was contested by the assessment, the quasi-judicial authority was required to examine and adjudicate specifically on that quantum; considering the entire SBN amount without addressing the assessment's limited dispute constitutes 'non-application of mind'.3.3 Precedential support: the Court relied on prior decisions establishing that (a) additions made under an incorrect and irrelevant charging section are 'not sustainable and valid being bad in law', (b) a tribunal or appellate authority that travels beyond the scope of the appeal in imposing a different charging provision vitiates its order, and (c) non-application of mind by a fact-finding authority renders the addition void ('void ab initio').3.4 Doctrinal point: the role of a 'quasi-judicial authority' encompasses dispensing both 'substantive and equitable justice'-substantive as to tax liability and equitable as to the 'proper application of mind considering the facts and circumstances of the case'; failure in the latter undermines the validity of the order.3.5 Disposition and remedy: in light of the foregoing framework and authorities, and on examination of the facts on record, the addition under Section 69A was held arbitrary and the Assessing Officer was directed to delete the addition; no differing or dissenting opinion was recorded.