2025 (7) TMI 1740 - AT - Income Tax

Revenue can choose assessment method under Sections 147 or 153C, but AO must have proper jurisdiction for reassessment

Jagdish Prasad Versus ACIT, Circle 57 (1), Delhi And Dr. Sarvesh Kumar C/o DS Legal & Associates Versus ACIT, Circle 57 (1), Delhi

The ITAT Delhi held that the Revenue has the discretion to choose the method of assessment under sections 147 or 153C based on available information. ... Reopening of assessment u/s 147 v/s assessment u/s 153C - Choice of method of assessment - HELD THAT:- We are inclined to dismiss the ground with the observation that the Revenue has got liberty to choose the method of assessment based on the information available before them. Jurisdiction of the AO - as submitted that the actual jurisdiction of the assessee lies with Range 14, Ward 1 (5), Meerut at Baraut - No records were brought to our notice that the present AO has got the jurisdiction to complete the assessment on the basis of any order u/s 127 or section 124 of the Act. In absence of any material on the issue of jurisdiction acquired by the present AO who has completed the assessment, as per the record brought to my notice the actual jurisdiction of the assessee lies with Range 14, Ward 1 (5), Meerut at Baraut. Therefore, the reassessment proceedings should have been initiated and concluded by the JAO of the assessee. Therefore, the reassessment proceedings initiated by the AO, Circle 57(1), New Delhi is without jurisdiction. Therefore, the initiation of completion of assessment is bad in law. Ground raised by the assessee is allowed. ISSUES: Whether delay in filing appeals can be condoned on grounds of reasonable cause.Whether reopening of assessment under section 147/148 of the Income-tax Act, 1961 is valid when based on information obtained from search under section 132 and statements recorded of third parties.Whether the Assessing Officer (AO) has jurisdiction to initiate and complete reassessment proceedings when the jurisdiction lies with another Assessing Officer.Whether the addition under section 69C of the Act on account of unexplained expenditure (capitation fees paid in cash) is justified in absence of cogent/tangible material and compliance with principles of natural justice.Whether the sanction under section 151 of the Act for reopening assessment was validly granted with independent application of mind.Whether the AO's satisfaction for reopening assessment can be 'borrowed satisfaction' from the Investigation Wing without independent reasoning.Whether reassessment proceedings should have been initiated under section 153C instead of section 147 when information is derived from search of a third party.Whether levy of interest under the Act is sustainable when the underlying additions are disputed. RULINGS / HOLDINGS: Delay in filing appeals was condoned as there was a 'reasonable cause for the delay in filing the appeals.'Reopening of assessment under section 147/148 based on information from search and statements of third parties is permissible; the Revenue has 'liberty to choose the method of assessment based on the information available.'The reassessment proceedings initiated and completed by AO lacking jurisdiction are 'bad in law' and are quashed; the reassessment should have been initiated and concluded by the jurisdictional AO.Additions under section 69C were not adjudicated due to quashing of assessment on jurisdictional grounds; thus, these grounds remain open.The sanction granted under section 151 was found to be 'mechanical' and without independent reasoning, rendering it invalid as per the assessee's contention, but this issue was not decided due to quashing on jurisdiction.The AO's reliance on 'borrowed satisfaction' from Investigation Wing without independent application of mind was challenged but not decided on merits due to jurisdictional quashing.Reassessment under section 147 instead of section 153C was held valid as the Revenue has discretion in choosing assessment procedure.Levy of interest was disputed but not adjudicated due to quashing of assessment order. RATIONALE: The Court applied the statutory provisions of the Income-tax Act, 1961, particularly sections 132 (search and seizure), 147/148 (reopening of assessment), 151 (sanction for reassessment), and 153C (assessment in case of search of third party).The Court relied on the principle that reopening of assessment requires 'reason to believe' that income has escaped assessment, which must be based on tangible material and independent application of mind by the AO.It was recognized that the Revenue may initiate reassessment proceedings under section 147 even if the information is derived from search under section 132 of a third party, as it has discretion in the method of assessment.Jurisdictional competence of the AO is fundamental; absence of jurisdiction renders the reassessment proceedings 'bad in law' and liable to be quashed.The Court admitted an additional ground challenging jurisdiction based on the Supreme Court precedent emphasizing the importance of jurisdictional issues going to the root of the matter.The Court did not adjudicate substantive issues relating to additions under section 69C or validity of sanction under section 151 due to quashing on jurisdictional grounds, thus leaving those issues open for future adjudication.