2025 (6) TMI 1742 - AT - Income Tax

Appeal allowed for statistical purposes regarding unsecured loan addition under section 143(3) scrutiny assessment

Ebrahim Essa Developers Pvt. Ltd. Versus ITO-9 (2) (4), Aayakar Bhavan, Mumbai

ITAT Mumbai allowed appellant's appeal for statistical purposes regarding unsecured loan addition under scrutiny assessment u/s 143(3). AO had added ... Additions against Unsecured loan - Scrutiny proceedings u/s 143(3) - addition mainly for the reasons that notice u/s 133(6) issued by the AO was not complied by M/s Santosh Tradelink Ltd. (Third party) HELD THAT:- AO has made attempt by way of sending notice u/s 133(6) at the two addresses of assessee and letter to the Chairman/Secretary of the Society, where office of said party was located and also by way of deputing Ward Inspector for verification of the address. But the said party was not found to be in existence at that address provided. Assessee submitted that said party had complied to the notice u/s 133(6) of the Act but said reply was received in the office of the AO after completion of the assessment. Since the identity of the party could not be established in assessment and appellate proceedings, the assessee is seeking one more opportunity. Thus,we feel it appropriate to restore this issue back to the Assessing Officer with the direction for issuing fresh notice u/s 133(6) of the Act to M/s Santosh Tradelink Ltd at the address which will be provided by the assessee to the AO. Thereafter, the Assessing Officer may examine the issue of addition u/s 68 of the Act in accordance with law. The ground of the appeal of the assessee are accordingly allowed for statistical purposes. The core legal questions considered in this judgment are:1. Whether the reopening of the assessment under section 147 by issuance of notice under section 148 is valid or amounts to an impermissible change of opinion.2. Whether the reopening of assessment under section 147 beyond four years from the end of the relevant assessment year is barred by limitation under the first proviso to section 147.3. Whether the unsecured loan of Rs. 1 crore received from M/s Santoshima Tradelinks Ltd. constitutes unexplained accommodation entries and is liable to be added to the income of the assessee under section 68 of the Income Tax Act, 1961.4. Whether the Assessing Officer erred in making additions without providing an opportunity for cross-examination of the key witness whose statements formed the basis of the addition.Issue 1: Validity of Reopening under Section 147/148 and Allegation of Change of OpinionThe legal framework requires that reopening of assessment under section 147 must be supported by 'reasons to believe' that income has escaped assessment. The reopening cannot be based merely on a change of opinion, which is impermissible. The Court considered precedents where reopening was held valid when specific and reliable information from investigation agencies was received post original assessment.The Assessing Officer received information from the Investigation Wing that the assessee had obtained bogus accommodation entries in the form of unsecured loans from M/s Santoshima Tradelinks Ltd., a company controlled by an individual who admitted to managing a network of 347 front companies issuing accommodation entries. This information was fresh and independent of the original assessment, which had examined the unsecured loan but did not have this incriminating material.The Court noted that the Assessing Officer applied his own mind to the new information, recorded reasons to believe, and obtained prior approval before issuing the notice under section 148. The Tribunal relied on judicial precedents affirming that reopening is justified when based on fresh, credible information from investigation agencies.The argument that reopening was a mere change of opinion was rejected as the Assessing Officer had a live nexus between the material obtained and the formation of belief that income escaped assessment.Conclusion: The reopening under section 147/148 was valid and not barred as a change of opinion.Issue 2: Limitation for Reopening Beyond Four YearsSection 149 allows reopening beyond four years but within six years if the escaped income exceeds Rs. 1 lakh, subject to certain conditions including prior approval. The Assessing Officer obtained approval and issued notice within six years.The reasons recorded indicated escaped income exceeding Rs. 1 crore. The Tribunal held that all statutory conditions for reopening beyond four years were satisfied.Conclusion: The reopening beyond four years was within limitation and valid under section 149.Issue 3: Addition of Rs. 1 Crore as Unexplained Unsecured Loan under Section 68Section 68 requires the assessee to explain the nature and source of unexplained cash credits. The Assessing Officer issued notices under section 133(6) to M/s Santoshima Tradelinks Ltd. at two addresses, both returned unserved with remarks 'not known'. Verification by Ward Inspector confirmed non-existence at those addresses. Further, the company was not a member of the society at the purported office address. The bank and financial statements suggested minimal business activity. The assessee failed to prove the creditworthiness and genuineness of the loan transaction.The Assessing Officer relied on the statement of the controlling individual admitting to issuing bogus accommodation entries through multiple companies, including the lender company. The assessee did not provide any explanation for the source of funds or genuineness of the transactions.The CIT(A) upheld the addition relying on Supreme Court precedents which place onus on the assessee to explain the source and creditworthiness of the lender. The CIT(A) also held that the assessee should have taken steps to explain the source of funds of the lender company.The assessee contended that the lender company had responded to the notice under section 133(6) albeit after completion of assessment, and that the assessee had furnished financial statements, bank statements, and return of income of the lender company to prove creditworthiness. The assessee also argued that it was not obliged to explain the source of the lender's funds and that the addition was based solely on the statement of the controlling individual without opportunity for cross-examination.The Tribunal observed that since the identity and existence of the lender company could not be established conclusively during assessment and appellate proceedings, and considering the late response from the lender company, it was appropriate to restore the issue to the Assessing Officer. The Assessing Officer was directed to issue a fresh notice under section 133(6) to the lender company at an address provided by the assessee and thereafter decide the addition in accordance with law.Conclusion: The addition was not upheld outright; the matter was remanded for fresh inquiry and opportunity to the assessee to explain genuineness and creditworthiness.Issue 4: Opportunity of Cross-ExaminationThe assessee contended that no opportunity was provided to cross-examine the key witness whose statements formed the basis of the addition. The CIT(A) relied on Supreme Court and Tribunal precedents holding that where additions are based solely or mainly on incriminating statements of a witness, the Assessing Officer must allow cross-examination.The Tribunal did not uphold the assessee's plea outright but noted the procedural lapse and remanded the matter for fresh inquiry, implicitly allowing the assessee an opportunity to challenge the evidence.Conclusion: The issue of cross-examination was recognized as important, and the matter was remanded to allow due process.Significant Holdings:'The AO has applied his own mind. After the receipt of the information, AO verified the record Subsequently, reasons were recorded for reopening the assessment u/s 147 Of the Act and approval was sought from the Pr CIT-9, Mumbai. Thereafter, the notice u/s 148 was issued... The reopening cannot be said to be a mere change of opinion.''From the plain reading of section 149 of the Act... the conditions enumerated in section 149 are clearly satisfied in the instant case.''In view of the above facts and circumstances of the case, the amounts totaling to Rs. 1,00,00,000/- credited in assessee's bank account are treated as Unexplained Unsecured Loans and are accordingly added to the total income of the assessee.''If witness has given directly incriminating statement and the addition in the assessment is based solely or mainly on the basis of such statement, in that eventually it is incumbent on the Assessing Officer to allow cross- examination.''In view of facts and circumstances and in the interest of substantial justice, we feel it appropriate to restore this issue back to the Assessing Officer with the direction for issuing fresh notice u/s 133(6) of the Act to M/s Santosh Tradelink Ltd at the address which will be provided by the assessee to the Assessing Officer.'The core principles established include the requirement of fresh, credible information for valid reopening, the conditions for limitation under section 149, the onus on the assessee to explain unexplained credits under section 68, and the procedural safeguard of allowing cross-examination when incriminating statements form the basis of additions.Final determinations are that the reassessment proceedings were validly initiated and not barred by limitation or change of opinion; however, the addition on merits was remanded for fresh inquiry with directions to provide the assessee an opportunity to prove the genuineness and creditworthiness of the lender and to challenge the incriminating evidence.