2025 (6) TMI 959 - AT - Income Tax

ITAT allows appeal after assessee proves flat investment source through savings and housing loan documentation

Amita Dutta Versus Income Tax Officer Thane

Amita Dutta Versus Income Tax Officer Thane - TMI The core legal questions considered by the Tribunal in this appeal include:1. Whether the reopening of the assessment under section 147 read with section 144 of the Income Tax Act was valid, legal, and based on proper jurisdiction and material.2. Whether the addition of Rs. 27,55,595/- as unexplained investment under section 69 was justified on the facts and law.3. Whether the Assessing Officer (AO) acted without proper reason to believe and relied on information not pertaining to the assessee.4. Whether the date of service of the assessment order was correctly considered for limitation purposes, affecting the validity of the appeal and assessment proceedings.5. Whether the notices under section 148 and related provisions were properly served on the assessee at the correct and updated address, and whether principles of natural justice were complied with.6. Whether the delay in filing the appeal before the Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) (CIT(A)) was justified and whether sufficient cause was shown for condonation of delay.7. Whether the assessee's explanation regarding the source of investment in the property, including home loan and past savings, was duly considered and whether the addition was excessive and unjustified.8. Whether the CIT(A) erred in not admitting the appeal and not considering the merits and evidence filed by the assessee, including documents filed under section 46A.9. Whether interest liability under sections 234A, 234B, and 234C was rightly imposed or should be deleted.Issue-wise Detailed Analysis:1. Validity of Reopening under Section 147 r.w.s. 144The reopening was initiated based on AIR information that the assessee purchased immovable property worth Rs. 52,48,750/- during the relevant financial year. The AO issued notice under section 148 on 31.03.2018 but noted no response or return was filed. Subsequently, assessment was completed under section 144 treating the investment as unexplained under section 69. The assessee challenged the reopening and addition.Relevant legal framework includes the requirement that reopening must be based on tangible material and proper reason to believe that income has escaped assessment. The AO's reliance on AIR information is a recognized ground, but the AO must ensure the information pertains to the assessee and proper jurisdictional steps are followed.The Tribunal noted that the AO relied on information regarding the property purchase and treated the assessee's share as 50%. However, the AO did not verify the source of funds before making the addition. The reopening was not disputed outright but the procedural fairness and basis of addition were challenged.The Tribunal found that the AO's order was ex-parte due to non-compliance by the assessee, but the reopening itself was not invalid on the face of it. However, the matter was remanded for verification of the source of investment, indicating that the reopening was permissible but the addition was premature without verification.2. Justification of Addition under Section 69 for Unexplained InvestmentThe AO added Rs. 27,55,595/- representing the assessee's 50% share in the property purchase plus estimated stamp duty expenses, treating it as unexplained investment under section 69.The assessee contended that the investment was made partly through a home loan of Rs. 44,50,000/- sanctioned by State Bank of India and the balance from past savings. Supporting documents including loan sanction letter, bank statements evidencing payments towards stamp duty and property purchase were placed on record.Legal precedents require that when the assessee satisfactorily explains the source of investment, no addition under section 69 can be made. The burden of proof lies on the revenue to disprove the explanation.The Tribunal observed that although the AO did not verify the documents, the assessee had furnished credible evidence of source of funds. The Tribunal held that the addition was not justified without verification and restored the matter to the AO for limited purpose of verifying the source and passing a fresh order in accordance with law.3. Reliance on Information Not Belonging to Assessee and Reason to BelieveThe assessee argued the AO relied on information not belonging to her and without sufficient reason to believe passed the reopening order.The Tribunal found that the reopening was based on AIR information about the property purchase in the joint name of the assessee and her husband. Since the assessee was co-owner, the information pertained to her share. The Tribunal did not find merit in the contention that the AO had no reason to believe, but emphasized that the AO must verify the source of investment before making addition.4. Date of Service of Order and Limitation for Filing AppealThe CIT(A) had considered the date of service of the assessment order as 04/12/2018, while the assessee contended the certified copy was received on 22/06/2020, and appeal was filed within 30 days thereafter.Legal principles mandate that limitation for filing appeal runs from the date of receipt of the order. The Tribunal noted that the assessee had changed address and had not received the order at the earlier address. The certified copy was attested on 22/07/2020 and the appeal was filed on 21/07/2020 (likely a typographical error in dates in the record). The Tribunal accepted that the appeal was filed within limitation from the date of receipt of certified copy.Therefore, the Tribunal held that the CIT(A) erred in rejecting the appeal as barred by limitation and condoned the delay, setting aside the order of CIT(A) on this ground.5. Service of Notices and Principles of Natural JusticeThe assessee contended that notices were not served at updated address mentioned in the return of income, violating natural justice.The Tribunal noted that the assessee had changed address and had informed the AO through subsequent returns. The AO issued notices at old addresses. The Tribunal held that non-service at updated address amounted to violation of natural justice and justified the assessee's non-response and ex-parte assessment.6. Delay in Filing Appeal and CondonationThe CIT(A) had refused to admit the appeal due to delay of 565 days without sufficient cause.The Tribunal examined the facts and found that the delay was caused due to non-receipt of order at correct address and the appeal was filed within 30 days of receipt of certified copy. The Tribunal held that sufficient cause was shown and condoned the delay, allowing the appeal to be heard on merits.7. Consideration of Source of Investment and Merits of AdditionThe assessee submitted detailed evidence including sanction of home loan, bank statements, and payment receipts to prove the source of investment.The CIT(A) and AO did not consider these submissions on merits, leading to unjustified addition.The Tribunal, while acknowledging that the AO had not verified the documents, found the evidence prima facie credible and restored the matter for verification and fresh adjudication. This preserves the principle that unexplained investment additions must be based on verified evidence.8. Non-consideration of Documents Filed Under Section 46AThe assessee submitted documents under section 46A to support the appeal, which were not considered by the CIT(A).The Tribunal noted this procedural lapse and emphasized that all relevant evidence must be considered before confirming additions. The restoration for fresh adjudication implicitly addresses this issue.9. Interest Liability under Sections 234A, 234B, and 234CThe assessee sought deletion of interest liability under these sections.The Tribunal did not specifically adjudicate on this ground in the order, focusing primarily on the reopening, addition, and appeal admissibility. Hence, this issue remains open for consideration by the AO or CIT(A) on remand.Significant Holdings:'The assessee has shown sufficient and reasonable cause for filing appeal belatedly... the delay in filing appeal before CIT(A) is condoned and the order of ld CIT(A) is set aside.''The assessee has fully explained source of entire investment... such evidence is not verified by AO, hence, the matter is restored back to the AO for limited purpose of verification of source of investment and to pass order afresh in accordance with law.'Core principles established include the requirement for proper service of notices at updated addresses, adherence to principles of natural justice, the necessity of verification of source of investment before making additions under section 69, and the condonation of delay in filing appeals where sufficient cause is shown.Final determinations are that the appeal is allowed for statistical purposes; the delay in filing appeal is condoned; the addition under section 69 is not sustained without verification; and the matter is remanded to AO for fresh adjudication on the source of investment with due opportunity to the assessee.