2025 (6) TMI 150 - AT - Income Tax

Revenue's appeal dismissed on Section 234B interest after rectification order found unsustainable without apparent mistake

The ITAT Delhi dismissed the revenue's appeal regarding interest charged under Section 234B. The case involved a rectification order under Section 154 to ... Interest charged u/s 234B - Rectification order passed u/s 154 to levy interest u/s 234B - assessee / respondent was in default for payment of advance tax even after being aware of the fact that no TDS was deducted on the income received by it - HELD THAT:- The provisions of Section 234B of the Act provide that where an assessee is liable to pay advance tax under Section 208 of the Act for a financial year, and has failed to pay such tax or, where the advance tax paid by such assessee under the provisions of Section 210 of the Act is less than 90% of the assessed tax, the assessee would be liable to pay simple interest for the shortfall in payment of the advance tax. The law is settled by the judgment of the Hon'ble Supreme Court in the case of Mitsubishi Corporation [2021 (9) TMI 875 - SUPREME COURT] which has decided upon this issue and accordingly, levy of interest under Section 234B of the Act is to be deleted and the order passed by the Assessing Officer under Section 154 of the Act is not sustainable. The provisions of Section 154 of the Act apply only when there is a 'mistake apparent from record'. In the instant case, there were two favourable decisions of Bombay and Delhi High Court therefore, there was no 'mistake apparent from record' within the meaning of Section 154 of the Act which was capable of being rectified. Therefore, on this count also the order passed by the Learned AO under Section 154 of the Act is liable to be quashed. On going discussion, and submissions advanced by both the parties, lead us to draw inference that there is no ground exist to interfere, as the Ld. CIT(A) relied upon the judgment passed in the case of Mitsubishi Corporation (supra), which squarely covers the issue and there is no substance in the appeal and the same is liable to be dismissed. Appeal of Revenue is dismissed. The primary legal issues considered by the Appellate Tribunal in this matter revolve around the applicability of interest under Section 234B of the Income Tax Act, 1961 ('the Act') on a non-resident assessee who has not paid advance tax but whose income is subject to tax deduction at source (TDS) under Section 195 of the Act. The core questions are:1. Whether the Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) erred in deleting the interest charged under Section 234B of the Act despite the assessee's default in payment of advance tax, particularly when the assessee was aware that no TDS was deducted on the income received.2. Whether reliance on the Supreme Court decision in Mitsubishi Corporation is misplaced because the facts in the present case differ, especially since the assessee filed its return of income beyond the stipulated time.3. Whether the rectification order passed under Section 154 of the Act to levy interest under Section 234B was valid, given the existence of binding judicial precedents.Issue-wise Detailed AnalysisApplicability of Interest under Section 234B on Non-Resident Assessee with Income Subject to TDSThe legal framework governing this issue includes Sections 208, 209, 210, 234A, and 234B of the Income Tax Act. Section 234B mandates interest liability for default in payment of advance tax where the advance tax paid is less than 90% of the assessed tax. Section 209(1)(d) specifically provides that while computing advance tax, the income-tax calculated shall be reduced by the amount of tax deductible or collectible at source during the financial year.In the present case, the assessee, a UK tax resident, earned income from exploitation rights of an event held in India. The Assessing Officer initially did not levy interest under Section 234B but later issued a rectification order proposing interest on grounds of failure to pay advance tax. The assessee contended that since the entire income was subject to TDS under Section 195, no advance tax liability arose, and hence no interest under Section 234B was leviable.The Tribunal relied heavily on the Supreme Court's judgment in Mitsubishi Corporation, which clarified that prior to the amendment effective from AY 2013-14, an assessee could reduce the amount of income-tax deductible or collectible at source while computing advance tax liability. The Supreme Court held that interest under Section 234B cannot be levied if the assessed tax is reduced by the amount of TDS, even if no tax was actually deducted at source. The Court emphasized that Section 234B must be read in conjunction with Section 209(1)(d), and the liability to pay interest arises only if there is a default in payment of advance tax after considering the deductible or collectible tax at source.The Tribunal noted that the proviso to Section 209(1)(d), introduced by the Finance Act, 2012, which disallows reduction of advance tax liability by the amount of tax paid without deduction, applies only prospectively from AY 2013-14 and not to the year under consideration (AY 2012-13). Therefore, the assessee's position that no interest under Section 234B was leviable was upheld.Further, the Tribunal distinguished the facts from other judgments cited by the Revenue, such as CIT vs. Sun Engineering Works P Ltd and CIT vs. Insilco Ltd, which dealt with different fact patterns and legal issues unrelated to the interpretation of Section 234B in the context of TDS and advance tax.Validity of Reliance on Mitsubishi Corporation Judgment and Filing of Return Beyond Stipulated TimeThe Revenue argued that the facts in Mitsubishi Corporation were not identical, particularly pointing to the late filing of the return by the assessee in the present case, which could affect the applicability of the Supreme Court ruling.The Tribunal rejected this contention, holding that the Supreme Court's decision squarely covers the issue of levy of interest under Section 234B for non-resident assessees whose income is subject to TDS and that delay in filing return does not alter the legal position regarding advance tax liability and interest. The Tribunal underscored that the Supreme Court's interpretation of the statutory provisions is binding and applicable.Validity of Rectification Proceedings under Section 154The Assessing Officer's rectification order under Section 154 sought to levy interest under Section 234B, which was earlier not levied. The assessee contended that the rectification was not maintainable as there was no 'mistake apparent from record' because binding High Court decisions (Bombay High Court in DIT vs. NGC Network Asia LLC and Delhi High Court in DIT vs. Mitsubishi Corporation) already supported the assessee's position.The Tribunal agreed, holding that Section 154 applies only to rectify 'mistakes apparent from record.' The existence of binding judicial precedents negated the presence of any such mistake. Therefore, the rectification order was not sustainable.Application of Law to Facts and Treatment of Competing ArgumentsThe Tribunal carefully considered the submissions of both parties. The Revenue's argument that the assessee was aware of non-deduction of TDS and therefore liable for interest under Section 234B was rejected on the ground that the statutory scheme allows reduction of advance tax liability by the amount of tax deductible at source prior to AY 2013-14. The Tribunal also noted that remedies exist against the payer who failed to deduct tax at source, as clarified in the Supreme Court ruling.The assessee's reliance on the Supreme Court and High Court judgments was accepted as authoritative and binding. The Tribunal distinguished other judgments cited by the Revenue as irrelevant or factually distinguishable.ConclusionsThe Tribunal concluded that the deletion of interest under Section 234B by the Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) was correct and that the Assessing Officer's rectification order was not sustainable. The appeal by the Revenue was dismissed accordingly.Significant HoldingsThe Tribunal preserved the key legal reasoning from the Supreme Court judgment in Mitsubishi Corporation, stating:'The liability for payment of interest as provided in section 234B is for default in payment of advance tax. While the definition of 'assessed tax' under section 234B pertains to tax deducted or collected at source, the preconditions of Section 234B, viz. liability to pay advance tax and non-payment or short payment of such tax, have to be satisfied, after which interest can be levied taking into account the assessed tax. Therefore, section 209 of the Act which relates to the computation of advance tax payable by the assessee cannot be ignored while construing the contents of section 234B.''As we have already held that prior to the financial year 2012-13, the amount of income-tax which is deductible or collectible at source can be reduced by the assessee while calculating advance tax, the Respondent cannot be held to have defaulted in payment of its advance tax liability.''The Revenue is not remediless and there are provisions in the Act enabling the Revenue to proceed against the payer who has defaulted in deducting tax at source.'The core principles established include:Interest under Section 234B is not leviable on a non-resident assessee for failure to pay advance tax on income subject to TDS prior to AY 2013-14.Section 209(1)(d) allows reduction of advance tax liability by the amount of tax deductible at source, and this must be considered in interpreting Section 234B.Rectification under Section 154 requires a 'mistake apparent from record,' which does not exist where binding judicial precedents support the assessee's position.The Revenue's remedy for non-deduction of tax at source lies against the payer, not the recipient.On these bases, the Tribunal upheld the deletion of interest under Section 234B and dismissed the Revenue's appeal.