2025 (4) TMI 202 - AT - Income Tax

Land outside municipal limits qualifies as capital asset under section 2(14), capital gains tax addition removed

The ITAT Jodhpur held that land sold by the assessee qualified as a capital asset under section 2(14) as it was situated beyond municipal limits of ... Capital gain on sale of land - Nature of land sold - Whether the land sold by the assessee qualifies as a 'capital asset' u/s 2(14)? - addition to income of the Assessee in as much as the land in question was situated beyond the Municipal Limit on Sardarsahar - HELD THAT:- It was within the ambit of AO that it was required to ascertain the distance of land as against the letter issued which was against the very letter relied upon by the Revenue Authority. In fact the letter clearly mentions the Rajasthan State Gazette dated 14.07.1988 which sets the boundary limits under the Rajasthan Nagar Palika Act, 1959. Further, it is from the letter dated 04.04.2019 which clearly specified that the letter relied by the AO, i.e. letter dated 24.08.2016 was issued without considering the aforementioned Gazette and hence, as to why this letter from the same dis-credibility is not part to the discussion or reason given by the ld. CIT(A). Hence, on this count the burden which is required to be discharged by the Assessing Authorities simply remains absent. Now coming to the effect of the letter dated 04.04.2019 wherein it now clearly establishes that the land in question was not situated within the municipal limits of Sardarsahar, the basis of the Rajasthan Gazette dated 14.07.1988 could not be ignored. It arrived at a conclusion that while issuing the letter dated 24.08.2016, the Gazette seems to have been ignored and on realizing the same, the effect of the Rajasthan Gazette could not been ignored. Now this bench is of the view that the order passed by the Assessing Officer dated 28.12.2017 as well as the order upholding the same which passed by the ld. CIT(A) dated 23.08.2024 is hereby set aside and the addition of the income and the capital gain Tax levied thereon is also set aside as per the settled principles of law. Hence, we do not concur with the findings of the CIT(A) and thus the appeal of the assessee is allowed. 1. ISSUES PRESENTED and CONSIDEREDThe core legal issues considered in this judgment include:Whether the reassessment proceedings initiated under Section 147 of the Income Tax Act were validly initiated.Whether the land sold by the assessee qualifies as a 'capital asset' under Section 2(14) of the Income Tax Act, considering its location relative to municipal limits.Whether the provisions of Section 50C of the Income Tax Act, which deals with the valuation of capital assets for the purpose of capital gains tax, were correctly applied.Whether the assessee was entitled to a deduction under Section 54F of the Income Tax Act for investment in a residential house.Whether the affidavit provided by the assessee was wrongly rejected by the Assessing Officer without evidence to the contrary.Whether the assessee was denied the opportunity to cross-examine the Executive Officer of the Municipal Board, Sardarshahar.Whether the necessary approval under Section 151 of the Income Tax Act was obtained before initiating reassessment proceedings.2. ISSUE-WISE DETAILED ANALYSISReassessment Proceedings under Section 147Legal Framework: Section 147 of the Income Tax Act allows for reassessment if the Assessing Officer has reason to believe that any income chargeable to tax has escaped assessment.Court's Interpretation: The Tribunal found that the reassessment proceedings were initiated based on vague and insufficient information, lacking a concrete basis for the belief that income had escaped assessment.Conclusion: The reassessment proceedings were deemed invalid due to the absence of a rational connection between the information received and the belief of escaped income.Classification of Land as a Capital AssetLegal Framework: Section 2(14) of the Income Tax Act defines 'capital asset' and excludes agricultural land situated beyond specified distances from municipal limits.Court's Interpretation: The Tribunal noted that the land in question was not within the municipal limits as per the Rajasthan Gazette and subsequent municipal letters, contradicting the initial assessment.Conclusion: The land was not a capital asset, and therefore, the provisions of Section 50C were not applicable.Application of Section 50CLegal Framework: Section 50C deems the value assessed by the stamp valuation authority as the sale consideration for computing capital gains.Court's Interpretation: Since the land was not a capital asset, Section 50C could not be applied.Conclusion: The application of Section 50C was incorrect, and the addition made on this basis was set aside.Deduction under Section 54FLegal Framework: Section 54F provides for a deduction on capital gains if the net consideration is invested in a residential house.Court's Interpretation: The Tribunal found that the assessee did not claim the deduction in the return, and as per the Supreme Court's decision in Goetze (India) Ltd., such claims cannot be entertained without a revised return.Conclusion: The denial of deduction under Section 54F was upheld.Rejection of AffidavitLegal Framework: An affidavit is a sworn statement that should be accepted unless contradicted by evidence.Court's Interpretation: The Tribunal found that the affidavit was rejected without any evidence to disprove its contents.Conclusion: The rejection of the affidavit was unfounded, and the affidavit should have been considered.Opportunity for Cross-ExaminationLegal Framework: Principles of natural justice require that an assessee be given an opportunity to cross-examine witnesses whose statements are relied upon.Court's Interpretation: The Tribunal noted that the assessee was not given the opportunity to cross-examine the Executive Officer, which was a procedural lapse.Conclusion: The lack of opportunity for cross-examination was a violation of natural justice.Approval under Section 151Legal Framework: Section 151 requires approval from a higher authority before issuing a notice under Section 148 for reassessment.Court's Interpretation: The Tribunal found that the approval was given in a mechanical manner without proper application of mind.Conclusion: The reassessment proceedings were invalid due to improper sanction under Section 151.3. SIGNIFICANT HOLDINGSThe Tribunal held that the reassessment proceedings were invalid as they were initiated based on vague information and without proper sanction under Section 151.The land in question was not a capital asset as it was situated beyond the municipal limits, and therefore, the provisions of Section 50C were not applicable.The rejection of the affidavit and the denial of cross-examination were procedural lapses, violating principles of natural justice.The denial of deduction under Section 54F was upheld as the claim was not made in the original return.The appeal of the assessee was allowed, setting aside the additions made by the Assessing Officer.