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        Case ID :

        2025 (3) TMI 890 - HC - GST

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        Post-GST cess levy held ultra vires, but refund denied for failure to defeat unjust enrichment. Post-GST collection of cess under the Assam Agricultural Produce Market Act was treated as unsustainable because the applicable GST notifications had ...
                        Cases where this provision is explicitly mentioned in the judgment/order text; may not be exhaustive. To view the complete list of cases mentioning this section, Click here.
                          Provisions expressly mentioned in the judgment/order text.

                            Post-GST cess levy held ultra vires, but refund denied for failure to defeat unjust enrichment.

                            Post-GST collection of cess under the Assam Agricultural Produce Market Act was treated as unsustainable because the applicable GST notifications had subsumed the levy within the CGST and AGST framework, making continued collection ultra vires and unconstitutional. Refund of the cess already collected was declined because the claimants did not establish that the burden had not been passed on to consumers, and restitution was held to be barred by unjust enrichment. The result was limited to a declaration that the post-GST cess collection was unlawful, without monetary relief.




                            Issues: (i) Whether the cess collected by the market authorities under the Assam Agricultural Produce Market Act, 1972 post GST regime was constitutionally valid and within the framework of the CGST and AGST regimes; (ii) whether the petitioners were entitled to refund of the cess already collected.

                            Issue (i): Whether the cess collected by the market authorities under the Assam Agricultural Produce Market Act, 1972 post GST regime was constitutionally valid and within the framework of the CGST and AGST regimes.

                            Analysis: The levy was examined in the light of the exemptions flowing from Notification No. 12/2017-Central Government (Rate) dated 28.06.2017 and Notification No. FTX.56/2017/25 dated 29.06.2017, and the earlier coordinate Bench ruling holding that, after those notifications came into force, the cess stood subsumed and the continued levy by the Board and Market Committees was not sustainable. The same reasoning was applied to the present facts.

                            Conclusion: The levy and collection of cess post GST regime were held to be unconstitutional and ultra vires the CGST and AGST framework.

                            Issue (ii): Whether the petitioners were entitled to refund of the cess already collected.

                            Analysis: Refund was declined on the basis that the pleadings did not establish that the burden of cess had not been passed on to consumers, and the principles of restitution and unjust enrichment were treated as controlling. The financial condition of the respondent Board was also noted, and the Court declined to direct restitution of the collected amount.

                            Conclusion: No refund relief was granted.

                            Final Conclusion: The writ petition succeeded only to the extent of obtaining a declaration that the cess collection was unlawful, but failed on the consequential monetary relief.

                            Ratio Decidendi: Where a cess levy has become unsustainable after the applicable GST notifications, the levy is ultra vires, but refund will not be ordered unless the claimant establishes that the burden was not passed on and restitution is not barred by unjust enrichment.


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                            ActsIncome Tax
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