2025 (2) TMI 333 - AT - Income Tax

ITAT upholds deletion of protective addition but confirms section 37 addition for unexplained commission expenditure

DCIT Versus Surya Vanijya P. Ltd. And Surya Vanijya P. Ltd. Versus ACIT

ITAT Delhi dismissed both revenue and assessee appeals. The tribunal upheld CIT(A)'s deletion of protective addition for unexplained credits, finding ... Unexplained credits in the books of accounts - Prospective addition - assessee had failed to discharge it's onus w.r.t. the source of credits in books of accounts and could not explain & substantiate the same during the course of assessment proceedings - As argued income has already been taxed in the hands of M/s Surya Food &Agro Ltd. - HELD THAT:- Considering the fact that the substantial addition made in the hands of Surya Agro-tech Infrastructure Ltd. has been deleted by the Tribunal on the ground that the income has already been taxed in the hands of Surya Food & Agro Ltd., we find no error or infirmity in the order of the Ld. CIT(A) in deleting the protective addition made in the hands of the Assessee. Accordingly, finding no merits in the Grounds of Appeal of the Revenue, we dismiss the same. Addition u/s 37 - unexplained expenditure on commission -CIT(A) confirmed the above addition treating the Assessee as an entry operator and imposed the commission @ of 2.5% - HELD THAT:- In the absence of any contrary material or facts on record, we find no reason to interfere with the findings and conclusion of the Ld. CIT(A) in confirming the addition made on account of commission income. Findings no merits in the grounds of Appeal of the Assessee, we dismiss the same. ISSUES PRESENTED and CONSIDEREDThe core legal questions considered in this judgment were:1. Whether the deletion of the protective addition of Rs. 15,23,00,000/- made by the Assessing Officer (A.O.) in the books of accounts of the Assessee was justified.2. Whether the upholding of the addition of Rs. 38,07,500/- under Section 37 of the Income Tax Act for unexplained expenditure on commission was appropriate.ISSUE-WISE DETAILED ANALYSISIssue 1: Deletion of Protective Addition of Rs. 15,23,00,000/-Relevant legal framework and precedents: The assessment involved the application of income tax principles regarding unexplained credits and protective versus substantive additions. The Tribunal considered the precedents set by prior decisions, including the findings of the Settlement Commission.Court's interpretation and reasoning: The Tribunal upheld the decision of the CIT(A) to delete the protective addition on the grounds that the substantial addition had already been made in the hands of the ultimate beneficiary, M/s Surya Agrotech Infrastructure Ltd. It was determined that taxing the same income in the hands of the Assessee would result in double taxation.Key evidence and findings: The Tribunal noted that the substantial addition was made in the hands of M/s Surya Agrotech Infrastructure Ltd., which was the ultimate beneficiary of the unexplained credits. The Settlement Commission had already taxed the undisclosed income in the hands of M/s Surya Food & Agro Ltd., and this decision was accepted by both parties.Application of law to facts: The Tribunal applied the principle that income should not be taxed twice. Since the income was already taxed in the hands of the group company, it was not justifiable to tax it again as a protective addition in the Assessee's accounts.Treatment of competing arguments: The Tribunal considered the Department's argument that the CIT(A) erred in deleting the protective addition but found that the substantial addition in the hands of the beneficiary negated the need for a protective addition.Conclusions: The Tribunal concluded that the deletion of the protective addition by the CIT(A) was correct, as the income had already been taxed appropriately in the hands of the ultimate beneficiary.Issue 2: Addition of Rs. 38,07,500/- for Unexplained Expenditure on CommissionRelevant legal framework and precedents: The assessment was based on Section 37 of the Income Tax Act, which deals with unexplained expenditures. The Tribunal considered the standard practice of entry operators charging a commission of 2-3% on total entry value.Court's interpretation and reasoning: The Tribunal agreed with the CIT(A)'s reasoning that the Assessee acted as an entry operator and thus, the imposition of a commission at 2.5% of the entry value was justified.Key evidence and findings: The CIT(A) found that the Assessee provided an entry of Rs. 15,23,00,000/- to M/s Surya Agrotech Infrastructure Pvt. Ltd., and the commission income was calculated at 2.5% of this amount.Application of law to facts: The Tribunal applied the principle that unexplained expenditures should be accounted for, especially when the Assessee is found to be an entry operator, justifying the commission charge.Treatment of competing arguments: The Assessee challenged the addition, but the Tribunal found no contrary evidence to dispute the CIT(A)'s findings and reasoning.Conclusions: The Tribunal upheld the CIT(A)'s decision to confirm the addition of Rs. 38,07,500/- as commission income, finding no merit in the Assessee's grounds of appeal.SIGNIFICANT HOLDINGSCore principles established: The judgment reinforced the principle against double taxation, emphasizing that income should not be taxed multiple times across different entities within the same group. It also upheld the practice of taxing unexplained expenditures when an entity is identified as an entry operator.Final determinations on each issue:1. The Tribunal dismissed the Revenue's appeal, affirming the deletion of the protective addition of Rs. 15,23,00,000/- in the Assessee's accounts.2. The Tribunal dismissed the Assessee's appeal, upholding the addition of Rs. 38,07,500/- for unexplained expenditure on commission.