2025 (2) TMI 92 - HC - Income Tax

Penalty under Section 271(1)(c) upheld for stock transfer at market value with profit withdrawal lacking full disclosure

The Bombay HC upheld penalty under Section 271(1)(c) against the appellant who transferred stock-in-trade at market value and withdrew profits without ... Penalty u/s 271 (1) (c) - Appellant had not only transferred the stock-in-trade at the market value but also withdrawn the profits arising therefrom, about which there was no full and frank disclosure - whether the appellant had concealed income or furnished inaccurate particulars? - HELD THAT:- From the factual findings, we are satisfied that the very constitution of the firm and the transaction of the Appellant inflating the value of the plot of land and contributing it to the stock in trade, followed by withdrawals within a short period, amounted to a device or subterfuge or conduit to facilitate tax evasion. For these reasons, the Assessing Officer was justified in imposing the minimum prescribed penalty, and there is no warrant to interfere with the same. The circumstance that the assessee had filed the capital account copy along with the returns does not amount to true or full disclosure in the present case. The entry in the capital account copy also, in the peculiar facts of the present case, does not amount to disclosure of the primary facts. Even if the disclosure issue is kept aside, the penalty was still liable to be imposed upon the Appellant for having adopted such a device or subterfuge to evade taxes. The primary facts about which there is no dispute, are sufficient to sustain the findings regarding the Appellant adopting a device or subterfuge to evade the taxes. These are also good enough grounds to sustain the minimum penalty imposed upon the Appellant. If Explanation 1 to Section 147 was not strictly speaking applicable, still, Explanation 1 to Section 271 could not have been ignored. This was a case where the Explanation offered by the Appellant was found to be patently false. In any event, the Appellant failed to substantiate or demonstrate that such Explanation was bona fide. As noted earlier, the addition to the Appellant’s income has already attained finality. Based on these factors, the minimum penalty imposed upon the Appellant warrants no interference. Decided against assessee. ISSUES PRESENTED and CONSIDEREDThe primary issue considered was whether the Tribunal erred in reversing the order of the Commissioner of Income Tax (Appeals) and confirming the penalty of Rs. 33,34,096/- levied by the Assessing Officer under Section 271(1)(c) of the Income Tax Act, 1961. The core legal questions revolved around whether the appellant had concealed income or furnished inaccurate particulars, and whether the transactions involving the partnership firm M/s Nirmal Enterprises constituted a device to evade tax.ISSUE-WISE DETAILED ANALYSISRelevant legal framework and precedents:The case involved the application of Section 271(1)(c) of the Income Tax Act, which deals with penalties for concealment of income or furnishing inaccurate particulars. The court also considered precedents, including the Supreme Court's decision in CIT vs Sunil Siddharthbhai, which addressed the genuineness of transactions involving partnerships and the potential for tax evasion through such arrangements.Court's interpretation and reasoning:The court interpreted the facts and legal provisions to determine whether the appellant's actions amounted to a device to evade taxes. The court noted that the appellant had revalued a plot of land and introduced it into a partnership firm, withdrawing substantial amounts shortly thereafter. The court found that these actions suggested a lack of genuine intent to contribute to the partnership's capital for business purposes, indicating a device to evade taxes.Key evidence and findings:The court highlighted the sequence of transactions: the appellant's revaluation of the plot, introduction into the partnership, significant withdrawals, and eventual retirement from the firm. These actions, combined with the lack of substantial business activity by the firm, supported the finding of a tax evasion device. The court also noted the appellant's failure to disclose these crucial facts candidly.Application of law to facts:Applying the legal provisions and precedents, the court concluded that the appellant's actions constituted a device to evade taxes. The court emphasized that the appellant's disclosure of capital account entries did not amount to full and true disclosure of material facts, particularly given the timing and nature of the withdrawals.Treatment of competing arguments:The appellant argued that the transactions were genuine and that all necessary disclosures were made. They relied on precedents suggesting that mere rejection of a claim does not warrant a penalty. However, the court found these arguments unpersuasive, distinguishing the appellant's case from cited precedents based on the specific facts and the nature of the transactions.Conclusions:The court concluded that the appellant's actions involved a device to evade taxes, justifying the imposition of the penalty under Section 271(1)(c). The court found no merit in the appellant's arguments and upheld the Tribunal's decision to confirm the penalty.SIGNIFICANT HOLDINGSThe court held that the appellant's transactions with the partnership firm constituted a device to evade taxes. The court preserved the reasoning from Sunil Siddharthbhai, emphasizing the need to scrutinize transactions for genuineness and potential tax evasion. The court concluded that the appellant's actions justified the penalty imposed under Section 271(1)(c) of the Income Tax Act.Core principles established:The judgment reinforced the principle that transactions involving partnerships must be scrutinized for genuineness and potential tax evasion. The court emphasized that mere disclosure of capital account entries does not suffice if the overall transaction structure suggests a device to evade taxes.Final determinations on each issue:The court determined that the appellant's actions constituted a device to evade taxes, warranting the penalty under Section 271(1)(c). The court dismissed the appeal, answering the substantial question of law against the appellant and in favor of the revenue.