2025 (1) TMI 1474 - AT - Income Tax

Protective assessment becomes invalid when department confirms substantive assessment against primary assessee under Section 263

Dinesh Kumar Chaurasia Versus ACIT, Central Circle - 3, Jaipur

Dinesh Kumar Chaurasia Versus ACIT, Central Circle - 3, Jaipur - [2025] 123 ITR (Trib) 702 ISSUES PRESENTED and CONSIDEREDThe core legal questions considered in this judgment are:1. Whether the invocation of Section 263 of the Income Tax Act by the Principal Commissioner of Income Tax (PCIT) was justified, given the circumstances and facts of the case.2. Whether the assessment order dated 09.06.2021, passed under Section 147 of the Act, was prejudicial to the interests of the revenue, warranting the assumption of jurisdiction under Section 263.3. Whether the principles of natural justice were violated due to the alleged non-consideration of submissions made by the assessee.4. Whether the PCIT was justified in raising a new issue regarding the alleged non-examination of sundry creditors without it being part of the original show cause notice (SCN).5. Whether the PCIT acted beyond jurisdiction by issuing directions related to the initiation/source of purchase of immovable property and sundry creditors.ISSUE-WISE DETAILED ANALYSIS1. Invocation of Section 263 of the Income Tax Act- Legal Framework and Precedents: Section 263 of the Income Tax Act empowers the PCIT to revise an assessment order if it is erroneous and prejudicial to the interests of the revenue. The concept of protective assessment, though not explicitly defined in the Act, is recognized through judicial precedents.- Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The Tribunal examined whether the PCIT's invocation of Section 263 was based on a valid assessment order. It noted that the protective assessment against the assessee was no longer valid as the substantive assessment had been confirmed against another party, Sh. Mahendra Mehra.- Key Evidence and Findings: The Tribunal found that the department had taken a firm stand against Sh. Mahendra Mehra, confirming the substantive assessment, which rendered the protective assessment against the assessee redundant.- Application of Law to Facts: The Tribunal concluded that the invocation of Section 263 was unjustified as the assessment order against the assessee was no longer in existence due to the confirmed substantive assessment against another party.- Conclusions: The Tribunal quashed the order passed under Section 263, allowing the assessee's appeal on this ground.2. Prejudice to the Interests of Revenue- Legal Framework and Precedents: An assessment order can be revised if it is deemed prejudicial to the interests of the revenue. The protective assessment is typically used when there is uncertainty about the correct taxpayer.- Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The Tribunal noted that the protective assessment was initially made due to uncertainty about the correct taxpayer. However, with the substantive assessment confirmed against Sh. Mahendra Mehra, there was no longer any prejudice to the revenue.- Conclusions: The Tribunal found no basis for the PCIT's claim of prejudice to the revenue, allowing the appeal on this ground.3. Violation of Principles of Natural Justice- Legal Framework and Precedents: The principles of natural justice require that parties be given a fair opportunity to present their case. This includes considering all submissions made by the parties.- Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The Tribunal observed that the assessee had made multiple submissions that were not considered by the PCIT, constituting a violation of natural justice.- Key Evidence and Findings: The Tribunal reviewed the submissions uploaded by the assessee and found that they were not considered in the PCIT's order.- Conclusions: The Tribunal allowed the appeal on this ground, declaring the order bad in law due to the violation of natural justice.4. Raising New Issues Beyond the Show Cause Notice- Legal Framework and Precedents: A new issue cannot be raised in the final order if it was not part of the original show cause notice, as it violates the principles of natural justice.- Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The Tribunal found that the PCIT had raised a new issue regarding sundry creditors that was not included in the original SCN, which was beyond jurisdiction.- Conclusions: The Tribunal quashed the order to the extent it dealt with the new issue, as it was without jurisdiction.5. Jurisdictional Overreach by the PCIT- Legal Framework and Precedents: The PCIT's jurisdiction is limited to revising orders that are erroneous and prejudicial to the revenue.- Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The Tribunal concluded that the PCIT acted beyond her jurisdiction by issuing directions related to matters not contemplated by Section 263.- Conclusions: The Tribunal quashed the order on this ground, finding that the PCIT had acted beyond her jurisdiction.SIGNIFICANT HOLDINGS- The Tribunal reinforced the principle that protective assessments cannot stand if a substantive assessment is confirmed against another party.- The Tribunal emphasized the importance of adhering to the principles of natural justice, particularly the requirement to consider all submissions made by the parties.- The Tribunal reiterated that new issues cannot be raised in the final order if they were not part of the original SCN, as it constitutes a jurisdictional overreach.- The final determination was to allow the appeal of the assessee, quashing the order passed under Section 263 of the Income Tax Act.