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Issues: Whether subscription fees received for access to an online database were taxable in India as fees for technical services or royalty, and whether in the absence of a permanent establishment the receipts could be assessed as business income.
Analysis: The subscription arrangement involved granting access to books, journals, articles and related online analytical tools, without any transfer of copyright or rendering of managerial, technical or consultancy services. The access granted did not satisfy the requirement of making available technical knowledge, experience, skill, know-how or processes. In the absence of a permanent establishment in India, the receipts fell within business profits under the treaty and could not be brought to tax as fees for technical services or royalty under the Act or the India-UK DTAA.
Conclusion: The issue is decided in favour of the assessee; the subscription fees were not taxable in India as fees for technical services or royalty.
Ratio Decidendi: Mere access to a database, without transfer of copyright or making available technical knowledge or skills, does not constitute fees for technical services or royalty, and in the absence of a permanent establishment the receipts are taxable only as business profits under the treaty.