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Statutory GST Appeals Bar Writ Relief for Merits Disputes, While Consolidated Multi-Year Notices Remain Valid
Availability of an efficacious statutory appeal ordinarily bars writ intervention against GST adjudication unless fundamental rights, natural justice, patent lack of jurisdiction, or vires are implicated. Challenges to the invocation of Section 74, audit proceedings, evidentiary assessment, input tax credit, reverse-charge liability, export material, and demand computation require factual appraisal by the appellate authority; participation in adjudication and disagreement over evidence do not establish denial of hearing. A consolidated show cause notice spanning multiple financial years is not inherently without jurisdiction, since statutory language permits notices for periods and separate order-limitation calculations do not require separate notices. Year-specific limitation objections remain for statutory appeal.
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Fresh hearing in ex parte tax determination was required where pleaded facts remained undisputed and objections were unavailable.
Fresh hearing in ex parte tax determination proceedings was required because the petitioners' pleaded material facts were undisputed and the respondents had not filed an affidavit-in-opposition. The tax demand's merits were not examined. Respondent authorities were directed to provide a renewed opportunity to raise objections and to issue a reasoned order within four weeks, ensuring that the determination follows a proper hearing process.
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GST audit findings in ADT-02 cannot independently trigger recovery without further statutory proceedings and lawful action.
Communication of GST audit findings in FORM GST ADT-02 under Rule 101(5) read with Section 65(6) is administrative and informs the registered person of the audit findings. It does not itself constitute an adjudication or recovery action. Recovery cannot be initiated solely on the basis of ADT-02; any further proceedings must be undertaken under the applicable provisions of the Central Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017, in accordance with law.
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Reasoned rejection of penalty-and-interest waiver applications is mandatory; non-speaking denials require reconsideration after a fair hearing.
Rejection of a KARA SAMADHANA scheme application for waiver of penalty and interest without disclosing material particulars or reasons was treated as illegal and arbitrary. A non-speaking notice under Section 128A of the CGST/KGST Act failed to provide the basis for denial. The rejection was quashed, and the reconsideration request must be decided in accordance with law after granting the assessee a sufficient and reasonable opportunity of hearing.
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Input tax credit reconciliation requires invoice-wise verification and personal hearing before adverse GST demand determination.
Input tax credit differences between GSTR-3B and GSTR-2A for FY 2018-19 require invoice-wise verification where credit is claimed for FY 2017-18 within the extended statutory period. GSTR-2A operated as a facilitation tool, and non-reflection alone does not establish supplier tax default; reconciliation should consider prior-year GSTR-2A, suppliers' GSTR-1, ITC registers, books of account and annual returns. A personal hearing is mandatory before an adverse decision. Scrutiny notice requirements do not apply to independently initiated tax-determination proceedings. Interest and penalty depend on a sustainable principal tax liability and await fresh ITC determination.
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Recorded satisfaction in reassessment proceedings remains necessary before initiating penalties for prohibited cash loan or repayment transactions.
Penalty under sections 271D and 271E requires the concerned Assessing Officer to record satisfaction during reassessment proceedings before initiating penalty action. The Supreme Court dismissed the special leave petition both for delay and on merits, thereby confirming the High Court's order on this requirement.
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Transfer-pricing treatment of AMP expenditure remains open after delayed Special Leave Petitions were dismissed without substantive determination.
Special Leave Petitions concerning whether advertisement and market promotion expenditure constituted an international transaction, the use of the bright-line test, TNMM-based benchmarking and segmentation, comparability selection, and protective transfer-pricing adjustments were dismissed because Revenue did not satisfactorily explain substantial filing delays. The question of law on these transfer-pricing issues remained open, so the dismissal did not determine the substantive principles.
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Reassessment validity failed where incorrect facts, vague transaction data and unverified information showed non-application of mind.
Reassessment notices and consequential orders were invalid where the recorded reasons rested on unverified and factually incorrect information. For one assessment year, reopening proceeded on the false premise that the assessee had not filed a return, and transaction descriptions were ambiguous. For the other, the notice lacked transaction-wise and party-wise particulars, incorrectly characterised bank transactions and amounts advanced as undisclosed income, and relied on an unverified aggregate. A substantial later reduction in the alleged escaped income reinforced the lack of verification. These defects established non-application of mind both in recording reasons and granting statutory approval, requiring the notices and consequential reassessment orders to be quashed.
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Tax deduction on external development charges applies because a statutory development authority is not Government for the exclusion.
Tax deduction at source applies to external development charges paid to Haryana Shehri Vikas Pradhikaran. Statutory creation and performance of functions resembling governmental functions do not make the authority "Government" for the relevant statutory exclusion. Applying the jurisdictional High Court's binding determination, failure to deduct tax at source on those payments results in the payer being treated as an assessee in default.
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Trust registration requires proof of the trust's own genuine educational activities; objects and rental income alone are insufficient.
Trust registration requires both charitable objects and prima facie evidence that the trust carries on genuine charitable activities. Educational objects in a trust deed do not alone establish genuineness where accounts and responses fail to identify educational institutions operated or managed by the trust, statutory recognition, or verifiable details of students and staff. Leasing premises to another entity that runs an educational institution, and receiving lease rent, does not demonstrate the trust's own educational activity unless the trust establishes its charitable role or application of rental income to charitable purposes. Registration was therefore not grantable.
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Best-judgment income estimation requires proven accounting defects and rational profit methodology; unsupported gross-profit additions cannot stand.
Faceless-assessment requirements under sections 144B and 144C do not invalidate an assessment made by the jurisdictional Assessing Officer where the faceless procedure does not apply and statutory assessment notices were issued. Best-judgment assessment and rejection of books under sections 144 and 145(3) require established material irregularities or substantial accounting discrepancies. In share-trading businesses, broker-ledger entries, contract notes and adjustments of sale proceeds against purchases may explain absent bank entries. Gross-profit estimates must address relevant material, identify accounting defects and rest on a rational, methodical basis suited to the business; unsupported profit rates cannot sustain an addition.
AI TextQuick Glance (AI)Headnote
Charitable registration cancellation requires a specific statutory violation and fair notice, while related-party benefits belong in assessment proceedings.
Cancellation of charitable registration under Section 12AB(4) requires a prior inquiry, satisfaction of a specified violation, and a notice identifying the relevant violation with a reasonable opportunity to respond. General notices that combine the inquiry and cancellation stages, or rely on allegations not put to the trust, do not meet that procedure. Cash deposits already accepted as disclosed fee income cannot establish non-genuine charitable activity. Alleged benefits to specified persons through asset-related payments fall for assessment under Section 13(1)(c), unless evidence establishes non-charitable application, diversion, or activities outside charitable objects; they do not alone constitute a specified violation warranting cancellation or refusal of renewal.
AI TextQuick Glance (AI)Headnote
Defective Penalty Notices and Non-Existent Entities Prevent Concealment Penalties Where Licence-Fee Claims Lack False Particulars
Penalty for concealment or furnishing inaccurate particulars cannot be sustained where the statutory notice retains both charges without identifying the precise default, denying the taxpayer a definite charge to answer. A penalty order issued in the name of an entity that ceased to exist on amalgamation is also unsustainable, particularly where that status was disclosed and the underlying assessment in that name was quashed. Further, restriction of licence-fee expenditure does not establish concealment or inaccurate particulars where material facts were disclosed and no incorrect facts were asserted. These defects remove the jurisdictional and factual basis for penalty.

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2024 (6) TMI 37 - HC - Indian Laws

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Discretionary waiver of deposit under cheque dishonour law upheld where appellate court gave cogent reasons and no perversity was shown.
Section 148 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 confers a discretionary power to relax the deposit condition in exceptional cases where insisting on ... Summary

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Acts Income Tax