Personal penalty and redemption fine under customs and gold law: liability ends on death and fine cannot exceed confiscated value.

Personal penalties under the Customs Act and Gold (Control) Act are treated as personal and quasi-criminal in nature, so they do not survive the death of the person penalised and cannot be recovered from heirs or legal representatives. A redemption fine under the Gold (Control) Act is confined to the statutory ceiling of the value of the confiscated goods; if the fine exceeds that value, it is contrary to the Act and must be reduced. The discussion therefore states that recovery of personal penalty after death is impermissible and that an excessive redemption fine is liable to reduction to a lawful amount.

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Issues: (i) Whether the personal penalty imposed under the Customs Act and the Gold (Control) Act could be recovered after the death of the person proceeded against; (ii) Whether the redemption fine imposed under the Gold (Control) Act was excessive and inconsistent with the statutory limit.

Issue (i): Whether the personal penalty imposed under the Customs Act and the Gold (Control) Act could be recovered after the death of the person proceeded against.

Analysis: The liability under Section 112 of the Customs Act, 1962 and Section 74 of the Gold (Control) Act, 1968 was treated as personal in nature. The decision followed the principle that a penalty of this kind is quasi-criminal and does not survive the death of the person on whom it was imposed, so recovery from heirs or legal representatives is not permissible.

Conclusion: The recovery of the personal penalty was not permissible after the death of the person proceeded against, and the appellants succeeded on this issue.

Issue (ii): Whether the redemption fine imposed under the Gold (Control) Act was excessive and inconsistent with the statutory limit.

Analysis: The ornaments were confiscated under Section 11(1) and Section 11(2) of the Gold (Control) Act, 1968, but Section 73 of that Act permits a redemption fine only up to the value of the confiscated goods. Since the fine imposed exceeded the value of the ornaments, it was held to be contrary to the statutory ceiling and liable to reduction.

Conclusion: The redemption fine was reduced from Rs. 50,000 to Rs. 15,000, and the appellants succeeded partly on this issue.

Final Conclusion: The decision granted relief by negating recovery of the personal penalties after death and by reducing the redemption fine to a statutory and proportionate amount.

Ratio Decidendi: A penalty that is personal in nature and quasi-criminal does not survive the death of the person penalised, and a redemption fine under the Gold (Control) Act cannot exceed the value of the confiscated goods.

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