2025 (2) TMI 1199 - AT - Income Tax

Revenue loses appeal as Tribunal upholds deletion of Rs 2.27 crore expenditure disallowance under section 37(1)

Deputy Commissioner of Income Tax New Delhi Versus Air Charter Services P. Ltd.

The Tribunal dismissed the Revenue's appeal challenging the deletion of Rs. 2,27,93,362 expenditure disallowance under section 37(1) of the Income Tax ... Disallowance of expenditure u/s. 37 - assessee had shown credit outstanding in the name of eight parties - assessee failed to prove genuineness of the expenditure in assessment proceedings, hence, AO made addition of the aforesaid amount holding creditors as bogus - CIT(A) deleted addition - HELD THAT:- The assessee is engaged in the business of providing Air Charter Services under ‘non scheduled operator permit’ issued by Director General of Civil Aviation. The service provided by the assessee also includes services of Air Ambulance to patients and Super Specialty Hospitals. During the period relevant to assessment year under appeal, the assessee had shown credit outstanding in the name of eight parties providing aircraft operation services to the assessee including provision of catering, crew, hospitality, etc. CIT(A) in the impugned order has recorded a finding of fact that the aforesaid parties had offered receipts from assessee to tax in their respective return of income, TDS was deducted by the assessee on the payments made to the parties. These facts have not been refuted by the AO. In response to the show cause notice the assessee had furnished reconciliation, no adverse findings have been given by the AO on the reconciliation. The nature of business carried out by the assessee is highly specialized and so are the services provided by the aforesaid parties. In given facts of the case, the CIT(A) concluded that genuineness of the services rendered by these parties were proved and the AO could not point out any inconstancy in the bills raised by the parties. Hence, no case of addition on account of bogus credits or disallowance u/s. 37(1) of the Act is made out - Assessee appeal allowed. Issues Presented and ConsideredThe sole legal issue considered by the Tribunal was whether the Assessing Officer (AO) was justified in disallowing expenditure under section 37(1) of the Income Tax Act, 1961, amounting to Rs. 2,27,93,362/-, on the ground that the creditors to whom the payments were made were bogus and the expenditure was not genuine.Issue-wise Detailed AnalysisIssue: Disallowance of expenditure under section 37(1) of the Income Tax Act on the basis that creditors were bogus and the expenditure was not genuine.Relevant Legal Framework and Precedents: Section 37(1) of the Income Tax Act allows deduction of any expenditure (not being expenditure of capital nature or on personal account) incurred wholly and exclusively for the purpose of the business or profession. The burden lies on the assessee to prove the genuineness of the expenditure and the identity of the parties to whom payments are made. Precedents emphasize that where the AO suspects that creditors are fictitious or the transactions are sham, the expenditure can be disallowed. However, if the assessee produces credible evidence such as confirmations from creditors, tax filings by creditors, and reconciliations, the disallowance is not warranted.Court's Interpretation and Reasoning: The Tribunal noted that the AO issued notices under section 133(6) of the Act to the eight creditors named by the assessee, who had outstanding credits aggregating Rs. 2,27,93,362/-. These creditors responded by submitting confirmations and asserting that the services were rendered. The Tribunal observed that the CIT(A) had recorded that these creditors had declared the receipts from the assessee in their respective income tax returns and that tax was deducted at source (TDS) by the assessee on payments made to these parties. The AO did not dispute these facts.Further, the assessee had furnished reconciliation statements in response to the show cause notice, and the AO did not record any adverse findings against these reconciliations. The Tribunal highlighted the specialized nature of the assessee's business-providing air charter services, including air ambulance and related services-and the corresponding specialized services rendered by these creditors such as aircraft operation, catering, crew, and hospitality.The Tribunal found that the CIT(A) had correctly concluded that the genuineness of the services rendered by the creditors was established and that the AO had failed to identify any inconsistencies or infirmities in the bills raised by these parties. The Tribunal emphasized that the AO's initial suspicion was not substantiated by any concrete evidence, and the confirmations, tax filings, and reconciliations provided by the assessee were sufficient to prove the genuineness of the expenditure.Key Evidence and Findings:Confirmations from the eight creditors under section 133(6) notices.Creditors' income tax returns showing receipt of amounts from the assessee.Deduction of TDS by the assessee on payments to these creditors.Reconciliation statements furnished by the assessee in response to the show cause notice.Absence of any adverse findings or contradictions by the AO on the above evidence.Nature of business and services indicating specialized transactions.Application of Law to Facts: Applying the principles under section 37(1), the Tribunal found that the expenditure was incurred wholly and exclusively for the purpose of the assessee's business. The evidence produced by the assessee met the burden of proving the genuineness of the creditors and the expenditure. The AO's disallowance was based on suspicion without substantive proof. The CIT(A) rightly deleted the disallowance, and the Tribunal upheld this deletion.Treatment of Competing Arguments: The Revenue argued that the creditors were bogus and the expenditure was not genuine, relying on the AO's initial findings. However, the Tribunal noted that the Revenue failed to rebut the confirmations, tax filings, and reconciliations submitted by the assessee. The AO's inquiries were found to be insufficient to establish the creditors as bogus. The Tribunal gave greater weight to the documentary evidence and the absence of any contradictory findings by the AO.Conclusions: The Tribunal concluded that the disallowance of Rs. 2,27,93,362/- under section 37(1) was not justified. The expenditure was genuine, and the creditors were real parties who had rendered services to the assessee. The CIT(A)'s order deleting the disallowance was upheld, and the appeal by the Revenue was dismissed.Significant HoldingsThe Tribunal held: 'The nature of business carried out by the assessee is highly specialized and so are the services provided by the aforesaid parties. In given facts of the case, the CIT(A) concluded that genuineness of the services rendered by these parties were proved and the AO could not point out any inconstancy in the bills raised by the parties. Hence, no case of addition on account of bogus credits or disallowance u/s. 37(1) of the Act is made out.'Core principles established include:The burden lies on the Revenue to establish that creditors are bogus and expenditure is not genuine.Confirmations from creditors, their tax filings, and TDS deductions are strong evidence to prove genuineness.Suspicion without concrete evidence is insufficient to disallow expenditure under section 37(1).Specialized business transactions require careful consideration of the nature of services and parties involved.Final determination: The Tribunal dismissed the Revenue's appeal and upheld the deletion of disallowance of expenditure under section 37(1) of the Income Tax Act amounting to Rs. 2,27,93,362/-.