2013 (7) TMI 1243 - HC - Companies Law

Court Upholds Central Government's Right to Object to Share Exchange Ratio u/s 394A of Companies Act, 1956.

In Re : Heritage Housing Finance Ltd.

In Re : Heritage Housing Finance Ltd. - TMI 1. ISSUES PRESENTED and CONSIDEREDThe core legal question addressed in this judgment is whether the Central Government can object to the sanctioning of a scheme or arrangement due to a discrepancy in the share exchange ratio, especially when the scheme has been unanimously approved by the shareholders at a meeting convened under Section 391 of the Companies Act, 1956.2. ISSUE-WISE DETAILED ANALYSISIssue: Can the Central Government object to the share exchange ratio in a scheme approved by shareholdersRs.Relevant Legal Framework and Precedents:The legal framework revolves around Sections 391, 394, and 394A of the Companies Act, 1956. Section 391 allows for meetings of creditors or members to consider a compromise or arrangement. Section 394 deals with the sanctioning of such schemes by the court. Section 394A, introduced in 1965, mandates that notice be given to the Central Government to ascertain any objections before a scheme is sanctioned.Precedents considered include the judgments in Miheer H. Mafatlal v. Mafatlal Industries and Hindustan Lever Employees' Union v. Hindustan Lever Ltd., which discuss the court's role in evaluating the fairness of share exchange ratios and the Central Government's ability to object.Court's Interpretation and Reasoning:The court emphasized that Section 394A does not restrict the nature of objections the Central Government can raise. The provision ensures that the court does not merely rubber-stamp schemes but considers fairness, reasonableness, and public interest. The court highlighted that even if shareholders approve a scheme, the court is not bound by their decision if public interest is at stake.Key Evidence and Findings:The Central Government objected to the share exchange ratio, claiming it was unfair. The petitioners relied on a Chartered Accountant's report and a fairness opinion from KARN Merchant Bankers Limited, which supported the proposed ratio. However, the Regional Director argued that the inter-holdings of shares between transferor companies were not considered in the valuation, rendering the ratio unreasonable.Application of Law to Facts:The court applied the principles from the aforementioned precedents, noting that while shareholder approval is significant, it does not negate the court's duty to ensure fairness and public interest. The court found that the Central Government's objection was within its rights under Section 394A.Treatment of Competing Arguments:The petitioners argued that valuation is a matter for experts and should not be second-guessed by the court unless patently unfair. They cited precedents supporting the principle that shareholder approval should carry weight. The court acknowledged these arguments but maintained that the Central Government's role in raising objections cannot be dismissed, as it serves to protect broader interests.Conclusions:The court concluded that the Central Government is competent to object to the share exchange ratio, and such objections must be considered seriously. The court decided to appoint an independent Chartered Accountant to verify the fairness of the proposed share exchange ratio.3. SIGNIFICANT HOLDINGSPreserve Verbatim Quotes of Crucial Legal Reasoning:'The Central Government is certainly within their competence to raise the objection as they are required to see that no unfairness and/or unreasonableness to be shown either to the creditors or the class of creditors and/or members or the class of members and public interest, which certainly imbibes itself with the power to question the said share exchange ratio.'Core Principles Established:The court must consider objections from the Central Government under Section 394A, even if a scheme is approved by shareholders.Valuation of shares is primarily a matter for experts, but the court retains oversight to ensure fairness and public interest.The court acts as a check post, ensuring that schemes are not merely approved due to shareholder consensus but are also fair and reasonable.Final Determinations on Each Issue:The court determined that the Central Government's objection regarding the share exchange ratio was valid and required further examination. An independent Chartered Accountant was to be appointed to assess the fairness of the proposed ratio, ensuring that the scheme aligns with legal and public interest standards.