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Issues: (i) Whether the deceased's interest under the modified trust deed was liable to estate duty under the Estate Duty Act, 1953. (ii) Whether, for valuation, only the life interest could be taken or the principal value of the trust fund was assessable.
Issue (i): Whether the deceased's interest under the modified trust deed was liable to estate duty under the Estate Duty Act, 1953.
Analysis: The deceased had a beneficial interest in the trust property and was entitled to receive the whole income during his lifetime. On his death that beneficial interest ceased and the corresponding interest accrued to the accountable person. The change in beneficial enjoyment, rather than title, was sufficient to attract estate duty.
Conclusion: The deceased's interest passed on death and was chargeable to estate duty under the Estate Duty Act, 1953.
Issue (ii): Whether, for valuation, only the life interest could be taken or the principal value of the trust fund was assessable.
Analysis: Where the deceased's interest extended to the whole income of the property, the statutory valuation rule required the benefit accruing from the cesser of that interest to be taken at the principal value of the property. Since the deceased was entitled to the entire income from the trust funds, the face value of the securities represented the correct valuation.
Conclusion: The principal value of the trust property, and not merely the life interest, was the correct measure of valuation.
Final Conclusion: Both referred questions were answered against the accountable person and in favour of the revenue, affirming the inclusion of the trust interest in the estate and its valuation at the principal value.
Ratio Decidendi: For estate duty purposes, the cesser of a beneficial life interest in the whole income of trust property passes property on death, and its value is assessed at the principal value of the property under the statutory valuation rule.