Court Strikes Down Kerala Wedding Cess as Unconstitutional, Orders Refunds

The court declared Section 11 of the Kerala Finance Act, 2013, and related rules unconstitutional, restraining the State from levying and collecting the cess on weddings in certain venues. The levy was found to be discriminatory and arbitrary, lacking constitutional authority as it was deemed a tax rather than a fee. Refunds were ordered for petitioners who paid the cess, with non-petitioners' collected amounts to be used for welfare purposes. The writ petitions were allowed, and parties were directed to bear their own costs.

---

---

Issues Involved:
1. Constitutionality of the levy of cess on weddings and connected celebrations in certain hotels and auditoriums.
2. Competence of the State Legislature under Article 246 of the Constitution of India to impose such cess.
3. Allegations of discrimination and arbitrariness in the levy.
4. Nature of the levy - whether it is a tax or a fee.
5. Validity of the levy in the absence of specific rules during the interregnum period.
6. Refund of the collected cess.

Issue-wise Detailed Analysis:

1. Constitutionality of the Levy of Cess:
The writ petitions challenge the imposition and levy of a "cess" on weddings and related celebrations conducted in hotels classified as "Three Star" and above and in auditoriums with a seating capacity above 500. The levy was intended to raise revenue for a "matrimony fund" for economically weaker sections. The petitioners, owners of such hotels and auditoriums, argue that the levy is impermissible under Article 246 of the Constitution of India, and further impugn it on grounds of discrimination and arbitrariness.

2. Competence of the State Legislature:
The petitioners argue that the State Legislature lacks the specific power under the constitutional scheme to impose such a tax on wedding ceremonies. They contend that none of the entries in List II and List III of the Seventh Schedule authorizes the State Legislature to enact such legislation. The levy cannot be considered a fee as there is neither quid pro quo nor a regulatory measure. The State, on the other hand, asserts that the levy is a fee under Entry 66 of List II and correlates it with Entry 49 and Entry 62 of List II, or alternatively under Entry 47 correlated with Entry 5 of List III.

3. Allegations of Discrimination and Arbitrariness:
The petitioners highlight the clear discrimination in excluding weddings conducted in other venues, such as religious institutions and open areas with temporary structures. They argue that the renting of auditoriums and hotels for various purposes should not single out weddings alone for the levy. The court notes that the levy is arbitrary and discriminatory, as it targets only weddings and not other events held in similar venues.

4. Nature of the Levy - Tax or Fee:
The court examines whether the levy is a tax or a fee. The State claims it is a fee under Entry 66 of List II. The court, however, finds no service offered or regulatory measure employed by the State to justify the levy as a fee. The court concludes that the levy is, in effect, a tax, which is outside the scope and powers of the State Legislature under the constitutional framework.

5. Validity of the Levy in the Absence of Specific Rules:
The petitioners argue that the collection and levy of the cess were not operative during the interregnum period when there were no rules, due to the lack of machinery provisions. The court does not delve deeply into this issue as it finds the entire levy unconstitutional.

6. Refund of the Collected Cess:
The court notes that more than Rupees Four Crores were collected under the enactment before the stay. Refunds are to be made to those petitioners who are owners of hotels or auditoriums and have paid the levy but not collected it from individuals who rented the premises. The amounts collected from non-petitioners shall be retained by the State and used only for welfare purposes.

Conclusion:
The impugned legislation, specifically Section 11 of the Kerala Finance Act, 2013, and the rules framed thereunder, are declared ultra vires the powers of the State Legislature under Article 246 of the Constitution of India. The State is restrained from levying and collecting the cess in accordance with the said enactment. The writ petitions are allowed, and parties are directed to bear their respective costs.

---