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of <h1>Judicial officers not automatically confirmed after probation. Rule 24 clarified. Termination valid.</h1> <h3>High Court of Madhya Pradesh thru. Registrar & ors. Versus Satya Narayan Jhavar</h3> The Supreme Court held that judicial officers were not deemed confirmed after completing the maximum probation period without confirmation. The Court ... - Issues Involved:1. Deemed confirmation of probationary judicial officers.2. Interpretation of Rule 24 of the Madhya Pradesh Judicial Service (Classification, Recruitment, and Conditions of Service) Rules, 1955.3. Validity of termination orders of probationary judicial officers.4. Application of previous Supreme Court judgments on probation and confirmation.Detailed Analysis:1. Deemed Confirmation of Probationary Judicial Officers:The primary issue was whether judicial officers who had completed the maximum probation period of four years without being confirmed should be deemed confirmed. The Supreme Court analyzed the concept of deemed confirmation in service jurisprudence, which depends on the language of the relevant service rules. The Court examined various precedents, including the Constitution Bench decision in Dharam Singh's case, which held that if no order of termination is passed within the maximum probation period, the officer is deemed confirmed.2. Interpretation of Rule 24 of the Madhya Pradesh Judicial Service (Classification, Recruitment, and Conditions of Service) Rules, 1955:Rule 24(1) stipulates a probation period of two years, extendable up to four years, after which the probationers may be confirmed subject to their fitness and passing departmental examinations. Rule 24(3) allows the Governor to terminate the probationer's service at any time if they are found unsuitable or fail to pass the examinations. The Court emphasized that Rule 24 does not provide for automatic confirmation upon the expiry of the maximum probation period. Instead, it requires a positive act of confirmation by the appointing authority.3. Validity of Termination Orders of Probationary Judicial Officers:The Court found that the termination orders were valid as the probationary officers were assessed and found unsuitable for confirmation by the Full Court of the High Court. The Full Court's decision to allow the officers to continue on probation to improve their performance did not imply deemed confirmation. The Court held that the power to terminate services under Rule 24(3) remains intact even after the probation period.4. Application of Previous Supreme Court Judgments on Probation and Confirmation:The Court reviewed several judgments, including those in the cases of Sukhbans Singh, G.S. Ramaswamy, Akbar Ali Khan, and Shamsher Singh. These cases established that mere continuation beyond the probation period does not automatically lead to confirmation unless the rules explicitly state so. The judgment in Dayaram Dayal's case was specifically reconsidered, and the Court concluded that it did not correctly interpret Rule 24. The Court clarified that the decision in Dharam Singh's case was based on rules that did not require passing any test or fulfilling any condition before confirmation, which was not the case under Rule 24.Conclusion:The Supreme Court allowed the appeals, setting aside the High Court's judgment, and dismissed the writ applications. It held that the judicial officers were not deemed confirmed merely because they continued in service after the probation period. The decision emphasized the necessity of a positive act of confirmation and upheld the validity of the termination orders based on the officers' unsuitability as determined by the Full Court.
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