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        1985 (4) TMI 334 - SC - Indian Laws

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        Set-off of undertrial detention applies to life imprisonment under section 428, subject to remission and commutation rules. Section 428 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 was construed to include imprisonment for life, so pre-conviction detention as an undertrial must be ...
                      Cases where this provision is explicitly mentioned in the judgment/order text; may not be exhaustive. To view the complete list of cases mentioning this section, Click here.
                        Provisions expressly mentioned in the judgment/order text.

                            Set-off of undertrial detention applies to life imprisonment under section 428, subject to remission and commutation rules.

                            Section 428 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 was construed to include imprisonment for life, so pre-conviction detention as an undertrial must be set off against a life sentence. The Court held that the phrase "imprisonment for a term" covers life imprisonment because the term is the convict's life and the statute does not require a fixed or ascertainable period; the provision was read liberally in favour of set-off and the contrary view in Kartar Singh was disapproved. The operation of section 428 remains subject to section 433A and any order of remission or commutation under sections 432 and 433.




                            Issues: Whether section 428 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 applies to a sentence of imprisonment for life, so that the period of pre-conviction detention as an undertrial prisoner must be set off against the life sentence.

                            Analysis: The provision was construed on its own terms, without importing limitations from jail manuals. The expression "imprisonment for a term" was held to include imprisonment for life, because the term of such imprisonment is the convict's life and the statute contains no requirement that the term be fixed or ascertainable. The marginal note and the object of the provision supported a liberal construction in favour of set-off. The contrary view in Kartar Singh was disapproved. The Court also noted that section 433A of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 regulates minimum actual imprisonment in specified cases, and that remission or commutation under sections 432 and 433 operates in the relevant field.

                            Conclusion: Section 428 applies to life convicts, and pre-conviction detention must be set off against a sentence of imprisonment for life, subject to section 433A and any order under sections 432 or 433 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973.

                            Ratio Decidendi: A sentence of imprisonment for life is imprisonment for a term within the meaning of section 428 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973, and therefore the period of detention undergone before conviction is liable to be set off against that sentence.


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