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Issues: Whether, in the facts of the case, earlier years' losses and unabsorbed depreciation could be carried forward and set off in future years despite the change in shareholding attracting section 79(a) of the Income-tax Act, 1961.
Analysis: The assessee, a private limited company, underwent a change in shareholding so that not less than 51 per cent of the voting power came to be held by persons other than the previous shareholders. The Income-tax Officer refused carry forward of the earlier years' loss and unabsorbed depreciation on the footing that section 79(a) barred such benefit. The appellate authority and the Tribunal held otherwise, following the view that the restriction under section 79(a) did not deny the assessee the benefit of carry forward of loss in the circumstances, and that unabsorbed depreciation was governed by section 32(2) and stood on the same footing as current depreciation for carry forward purposes.
Conclusion: The earlier years' losses and unabsorbed depreciation were entitled to be carried forward and considered in future years, and the question was answered in the affirmative against the Revenue.
Ratio Decidendi: A change in shareholding attracting section 79(a) does not, on the facts considered, prevent carry forward of earlier years' losses and unabsorbed depreciation, the latter being governed by section 32(2) of the Income-tax Act, 1961.