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Issues: Whether the statutory presumption under Section 16 of the Hindu Adoption and Maintenance Act, 1956 in respect of a registered adoption deed is rebuttable, and whether the concurrent findings disbelieving the adoption called for interference.
Analysis: Section 16 creates a presumption in favour of compliance with the Act when a registered document purporting to record an adoption is produced, but the express words "unless and until it is disproved" make the presumption rebuttable and not conclusive. The Court examined the surrounding evidence, including documents and conduct inconsistent with the claimed adoption, and noted that the requirement of actual giving and taking in adoption under Section 11(vi) is essential for a valid adoption. In view of the evidence relied upon by the courts below, the concurrent finding that the adoption stood rebutted was not shown to be perverse. The limited scope of interference in appeal was also kept in view.
Conclusion: The presumption under Section 16 is rebuttable, the adoption was not established on the evidence, and no interference with the concurrent findings was warranted.
Final Conclusion: The appeal failed and the dismissal of the claim based on adoption was left undisturbed.
Ratio Decidendi: The presumption attached to a registered adoption deed under Section 16 is rebuttable, and concurrent factual findings rebutting that presumption will not be interfered with unless they are shown to be perverse.