1964 (2) TMI 87 - SC - Indian Laws

Supreme Court decision on Rajasthan Jagirdars' Debt Reduction Act sections 2(e) and 7(2)

The Supreme Court partly allowed the appeal, confirming the High Court's decision on the unconstitutionality of the impugned part of Section 2(e) of the ... - Issues Involved:1. Constitutionality of the impugned part of Section 2(e) of the Rajasthan Jagirdars' Debt Reduction Act.2. Constitutionality of Section 7(2) of the Rajasthan Jagirdars' Debt Reduction Act.Issue-wise Detailed Analysis of the Judgment:1. Constitutionality of the Impugned Part of Section 2(e):The impugned part of Section 2(e) of the Rajasthan Jagirdars' Debt Reduction Act excludes certain debts from the definition of 'debt,' specifically those due to the Central Government, State Government, local authorities, scheduled banks, co-operative societies, waqfs, trusts, or endowments for charitable or religious purposes, and debts advanced on behalf of a person by the Court of Wards.The High Court held that this exclusion infringes Article 14 of the Constitution, which guarantees equality before the law. The Supreme Court agreed with the High Court, stating that for a classification to be valid under Article 14, it must be based on an intelligible differentia that distinguishes those included in the classification from those excluded and that this differentia must have a rational relation to the object sought to be achieved by the statute.The Court found that the object of the Act was to reduce the debts of Jagirdars whose jagir lands had been resumed, thereby ameliorating their financial condition. The exclusion of debts owed to the government and other specified bodies did not have a rational relationship with this object. The Court noted that there was no intelligible principle underlying the exempted categories of debts, and the reason for clubbing debts advanced by the Court of Wards with those due to the government or scheduled banks, while excluding debts due to non-scheduled banks, was not discernible.The Court distinguished this case from previous cases where laws giving special recovery facilities to government-owned banks were upheld, noting that those cases involved procedures for recovery rather than substantive exclusions from debt reduction.In conclusion, the Supreme Court upheld the High Court's decision that the impugned part of Section 2(e) violated Article 14 and was therefore void.2. Constitutionality of Section 7(2):Section 7(2) of the Act prohibits the recovery of the reduced amount of debt with respect to jagir property from any property other than the compensation and rehabilitation grant payable to the jagirdar.The High Court had struck down this provision, but the Supreme Court reversed this decision. The Court held that Section 7(2) imposed reasonable restrictions in the interest of the general public on the rights of secured creditors. The Court noted that secured creditors, when they advanced money on the security of jagir property, primarily relied on that property for the realization of their dues. The provision was designed to rehabilitate jagirdars whose jagir properties had been taken over by the State for a public purpose at a low valuation. Without this provision, jagirdars would find it difficult to start afresh, as their existing non-jagir property and future income and acquired properties would be liable to attachment and sale to satisfy secured creditors' demands.Therefore, the Supreme Court held that Section 7(2) was valid as it imposed reasonable restrictions in the interest of the general public.Conclusion:The Supreme Court's judgment partly accepted the appeal, confirming the High Court's decision regarding the unconstitutionality of the impugned part of Section 2(e) and reversing the High Court's decision regarding the constitutionality of Section 7(2). The Court ordered the parties to bear their own costs as the respondent was not represented and the appeal only partly succeeded.Appeal Partly Allowed.