2006 (3) TMI 528 - AT - Income Tax

Share transaction loss deemed speculative under Income-tax Act; Tribunal reverses decision, disallows deduction, Revenue appeal allowed.

The Tribunal held that the loss incurred in share transactions was speculative under the Explanation to section 73 of the Income-tax Act, 1961. The ... Losses - In speculation business Issues Involved: Whether the loss of Rs. 17,34,239 incurred in share transactions is a speculative loss under the Explanation to section 73 of the Income-tax Act, 1961.Issue-wise Detailed Analysis:1. Applicability of Explanation to Section 73:The primary issue is whether the loss incurred by the assessee in the share transactions should be classified as a speculative loss under the Explanation to section 73 of the Income-tax Act, 1961. The Assessing Officer (AO) argued that the loss should be deemed speculative as the business involved the purchase and sale of shares, citing the Explanation to section 73. The AO noted that the assessee-company had common directors with M/s. R.K.M. Securities Ltd. and M/s. Ketaki Estates, suggesting a manipulation to create losses to adjust the main income.2. Nature of Transactions:The assessee contended that the transactions were not speculative as per section 43(5) of the Act since they involved actual delivery of shares. The CIT(A) agreed with the assessee, stating that the transactions were settled by delivery and thus were not speculative. The CIT(A) relied on various High Court decisions to support this view.3. Main Source of Income:The assessee argued that its main source of income was not from share transactions but from other sources such as interest, dividends, and service charges. The CIT(A) accepted this argument, noting that the main income was from sources other than shares, and thus, the Explanation to section 73 was not applicable.4. Composition of Gross Total Income:The Tribunal examined whether the gross total income of the assessee mainly consisted of income chargeable under the heads 'Interest on securities,' 'Income from house property,' 'Capital gains,' and 'Income from other sources.' The Tribunal found that the assessee's gross total income did not mainly consist of such income, as the business income from service charges and interest was significant.5. Principal Business of the Assessee:The Tribunal also considered whether the principal business of the assessee was banking or granting loans and advances. It found that the principal business was not of banking or granting loans and advances, as the investment in shares and loans and advances given were substantial.6. Speculative Nature of Transactions:The Tribunal concluded that the transactions of purchase and sale of shares would be deemed speculative if the company was hit by the Explanation to section 73. Since the assessee's gross total income did not mainly consist of income from other sources and its principal business was not banking or granting loans and advances, the Explanation to section 73 was applicable. Consequently, the loss from share transactions was deemed speculative.Conclusion:The Tribunal reversed the order of the CIT(A) and restored the order of the AO, holding that the loss incurred in the purchase and sale of shares was speculative under the Explanation to section 73 and could not be deducted from the business income of the assessee. The appeal of the Revenue was allowed.