Clause 159 - Agreement with foreign countries or specified territories and adoption by Central Government of agreement between specified associations for double taxation relief.

Double taxation relief: agreements permit relief, information exchange and recovery while guarding against treaty shopping and evasion.

Central and notified specified associations may enter or adopt agreements to provide Double Taxation Relief, avoid double taxation while preventing treaty shopping, enable Exchange of Information for prevention and investigation of evasion or avoidance, and facilitate mutual recovery of tax. Where an agreement applies, the more beneficial domestic provisions govern subject to mandatory application of certain domestic provisions; definitions in agreements or prescribed notifications control meaning, and non residents must produce a residence certificate and prescribed documents to claim relief.