Penalty for failure to comply with tax information and disclosure obligations leads to fixed and daily sanctions and procedural hearing. Section 272A imposes penalties for refusal to answer questions, sign statements, attend or produce documents, and for failures to furnish returns, statements, declarations, certificates, or to allow inspections or deduct and pay tax. Certain defaults attract a fixed penalty while others attract a daily penalty for each day of continuance, with specific caps where applicable. The appropriate income-tax authority imposes penalties after giving the person an opportunity to be heard, and the section supplies a definition of 'income-tax authority' for these purposes.