Rent withholding obligation: individuals and HUFs must deduct tax on high-value rent payments, with timing and cap rules. Section 194-IB requires individuals and Hindu undivided families who pay rent exceeding fifty thousand rupees per month to residents to deduct tax at source equal to five per cent of such rent. Deduction is due on credit of rent for the last month of the previous year or last month of tenancy, or at payment, whichever is earlier. The payer is exempt from certain procedural TDS provisions, and where non-filer identification rules would increase withholding, the deduction under this section is capped by the rent payable for the last month. 'Rent' is defined to include payments under lease, sub-lease, tenancy or other agreements for use of land or buildings.