Transfer pricing adjustments must track international transactions, while unsupported AMP adjustments and unsuitable manufacturing comparables require exclusion.

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....Chapter X confines transfer-pricing adjustments to income arising from international transactions and does not permit enhancement of profits from independent third-party dealings. Manufacturing comparables must be functionally aligned with ready-to-cook instant-noodle production; diversified food, healthcare, personal-care, fast-food and ready-to-eat businesses without suitable segmental data may be unsuitable, whereas convenience-packaged food and instant-mix manufacturing may be comparable. AMP expenditure cannot be treated as an international transaction through the Bright Line Test, which lacks statutory mandate, without material showing an arrangement or understanding with associated enterprises to incur such expenditure on their behalf. Challenges to initiation of penalty proceedings for transfer-pricing documentation failures or under-reporting are premature.....