TaxTMI 
TaxTMI 
Related Party Disclosures
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.... relationships described in (a) to (e) below: (a) enterprises that directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, control, or are controlled by, or are under common control with, the reporting enterprise (this includes holding companies, subsidiaries and fellow subsidiaries); (b) associates and joint ventures of the reporting enterprise and the investing party or venturer in respect of which the reporting enterprise is an associate or a joint venture; (c) individuals owning, directly or indirectly, an interest in the voting power of the reporting enterprise that gives them control or significant influence over the enterprise, and relatives of any such individual ; (d) key management personnel and relatives of such personnel; and (e) enterprises over which any person described in (c) or (d) is able to exercise significant influence. This includes enterprises owned by directors or major shareholders of the reporti ng enterprise and enterprises that have a member of key management in common with the reporting enterprise. 4. In the context of this Standard, the following are deemed not to be related parties: (a) two companies simply because they have a directo....
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....esources or obligations between related parties, regardless of whether or not a price is charged. 10.3 Control (a) ownership, directly or indirectly, of more than one half of the voting power of an enterprise, or (b) control of the composition of the board of directors in the case of a company or of the composition of the corresponding governing body in case of any other enterprise, or (c) a substantial interest in voting power and the power to direct, by statute or agreement, the financial and/or operating policies of the enterprise. 10.4 Significant influence - participation in the financial and/or operating policy decisions of an enterprise, but not control of those policies. 10.5 An Associate - an enterprise in which an investing reporting party has significant influence and which is neither a subsidiary nor a joint venture of that party. 10.6 A Joint venture - a contractual arrangement whereby two or more parties undertake an economic activity which is subject to joint control. 10.7 Joint control - the contractually agreed sharing of power to govern the financial and operating policies of an economic activity so as to obtain benefits from it. 10.8 Key managem....
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....hat other enterprise of such a power as aforesaid; or (b) a person s appointment as member of the governing body follows necessarily from his appointment to a position held by him in that other enterprise; or (c) the member of the governing body is nominated by that other enterprise. 12. An enterprise is considered to have a substantial interest in another enterprise if that enterprise owns, directly or indirectly, 20 per cent or more interest in the voting power of the other enterprise. Similarly, an individual is considered to have a substantial interest in an enterprise, if that individual owns, directly or indirectly, 20 per cent or more interest in the voting power of the enterprise. 13. Significant influence may be exercised in several ways, for example, by representation on the board of directors, participation in the policy making process, material inter-company transactions, interchange of managerial personnel, or dependence on technical information. Significant influence may be gained by share ownership, statute or agreement. As regards share ownership, if an investing party holds, directly or indirectly through intermediaries, 20 per cent or more of the voting powe....
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.... which unrelated parties would not enter into. Also, transactions between related parties may not be effected at the same terms and conditions as between unrelated parties. Sometimes, no price is charged in related party transactions, for example, free provision of management services and the extension of free credit on a debt. In view of the aforesaid, the resulting accounting measures may not represent what they usually would be expected to represent. Thus, a related party relationship could have an effect on the financial position and operating results of the reporting enterprise. 17. The operating results and financial position of an enterprise may be affected by a related party relationship even if related party transactions do not occur. The mere existence of the relationship may be sufficient to affect the transactions of the reporting enterprise with other parties. For example, a subsidiary may terminate relations with a trading partner on acquisition by the holding company of a fellow subsidiary engaged in the same trade as the former partner. Alternatively, one party may refrain from acting because of the control or significant influence of another - for example, a subsi....
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....he amounts or appropriate proportions of outstanding items pertaining to related parties at the balance sheet date and provisions for doubtful debts due from such parties at that date; and (vii)amounts written off or written back in the period in respect of debts due from or to related parties. 24. The following are examples of the related party transactions in respect of which disclosures may be made by a reporting enterprise: (a) purchases or sales of goods (finished or unfinished); (b) purchases or sales of fixed assets; (c) rendering or receiving of services; (d) agency arrangements; (e) leasing or hire purchase arrangements; (f) transfer of research and development; (g) licence agreements; (h) finance (including loans and equity contributions in cash or in kind); (i) guarantees and collaterals; and (j) management contracts including for deputation of employees. 25. Paragraph 23 (v) requires disclosure of y other elements of the related party transactions necessary for an understanding of the financial statement . An example of such a disclosure would be an indication that the transfer of a major asset had taken place at an amount materially different ....