Export of Finished Leather - Revised Leather Norms.

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....rial No: 176, Chapter 41, Schedule 2 -Export Policy, of the Foreign Trade Policy 2015-20, that the items mentioned in column 2 of the table hereunder shall constitute "Finished Leather" and the same may be exported without a license but subject to the terms and conditions specified against each item in column 3 of the table hereunder." S. No. Description of item Manufacturing Norms Conditions 1. 2. 3. I Leathers with finishing coat (All substrates - Goat and Sheep skins and Bovine hides/sides calf skins including splits) a. Tanning b. Dyeing(optional) c. Fatliquoring d. Finishing coat II Suede Leathers (All substrates including splits) a. Tanning b. Dyeing i....

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.... wax coat. In case wax coat is absent, run shall not be lesser than 25%. a. Tanning b. Dyeing (optional) c. Fatliquoring d. Wax coat (optional) VI Burnishable Leathers (All substrates including butts and bends) a. Tanning b. Dyeing in light/pastel/medium/dark shades (in case of doubt, the presence of dye to be ascertained by chromatographic technique or spectrophotometric technique) c. Fatliquoring d. Wax coat e. Burnishable effect on rubbing (Minimum CIEΔL value of -3.0 on 10 dry rubbing on SATRA Fastness tester or any other fastness tester as measured on a Reflectance spectrophotometer) VII Pull Up Leather - Wax/Oil (All substrates including....

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....ring d. Wax coat (or) oil coat. Should have pronounced change in the grain pattern/texture of grain XIII Wax/Oil coated Leathers a. Tanning b. Dyeing (in the case of doubt, the presence of dye to be ascertained by chromatographic or spectrophotometric technique) c. Fatliquoring d. Wax coat (or) Oil Coat XIV 3D Effect, Embossed leathers, Scaling, Perforated leathers etc; a. Tanning b. Dyeing (optional) c. Fatliquoring d. Effect should be uniform, pronounced and shall be seen throughout the leather grain or flesh surface. NOTE: Any new type of finished leather not covered under the above categories shall be permitted for export, subje....

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....2 ml of the same is taken in cuvette and run through the UV Visible Spectrophotometer. Sample is run for set conditions of equipment and presence of dye spectrum is noted in visible region of wavelength (400 to 800 nm) to confirm the presence of dye in leather sample. Fatliquoring - Treating the leather with oil and/or fat, emulsified in water for rendering the leather soft Finishing Coat - Finishing coat shall contain a film forming material/ binder in combination with colorants such as pigments or dyes or a combination of both. The film forming material/binder shall comprise materials singly or in combination such as proteins or synthetic acrylic or polyurethane, vinyls lacquers or lacquer emulsions. If necessary, microscopic examin....

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.... of removal of grain Oiling - The operation of rubbing oil on the grain side of wet or sammed leather with the object of  making the leather soft andpliable; in the case of vegetable tanned leather also to protect the color of tannage from darkening by oxidation. Wax coat - Wax particulate matter should be seen under Microscope (100x) after the application of xylene on the grain surface. NOTE 3:-Microscopic examination of wax coat: A small drop of xylene is placed on the surface of the leather. The surface is scrapped gently using a glass rod. Leather is left for 2-3 minutes. The dried leather surface is observed under microscope for the presence of wax crystals on the surface. Burnishable Effect - Rubbing on grain surfa....