Export of Finished Leather- Revised Leather Norms

X X   X X   Extracts   X X   X X

Full Text of the Document

X X   X X   Extracts   X X   X X

....port Policy, of the Foreign Trade Policy 2009-14,  that the items mentioned in column 2 of the table hereunder shall constitute "Finished Leather" and the same may be exported without a license but subject to the terms and conditions specified against each item in column 3 of the table hereunder." Sl. No Description of item Manufacturing Norms Conditions I Leathers with finishing coat (All substrates - Goat and Sheep skins and Bovine hides/sides calf skins including splits) a. Tanning b. Dyeing (optional) c. Fatliquoring d. Finishing coat II Suede Leathers (All substrates including splits)   a. Tanning b. Dyeing in light/pastel/medium/dark     shades (in case of doubt, th....

X X   X X   Extracts   X X   X X

Full Text of the Document

X X   X X   Extracts   X X   X X

....Fatliquoring d. Wax coat e. Burnishable effect on rubbing (Minimum CIE ∆L value of -5.0 on 10 dry rubbing on SATRA Fastness tester or any other fastness tester as measured on a Reflectance spectrophotometer) VII Pull Up Leather - Wax/Oil (All substrates including butts and bends)   a. Tanning b. Dyeing in light/pastel/medium/dark shades(in case of doubt, the presence of dye to be ascertained by chromatographic  technique) c. Fatliquoring d. Wax coat (or) Oil coat e. Pull up effect (Minimum CIE ∆L value of +5.0 as measured on a  reflectance spectrophotometer) Heavy substance with thickness of 3.0 mm or more and with minimum of apparent density 0.9 gm/cc) VIII Heavy Leathers in....

X X   X X   Extracts   X X   X X

Full Text of the Document

X X   X X   Extracts   X X   X X

....h one or more than one kind of tanning agent, such as mineral tanning and vegetable tanning and/or syntan tanning and/ or resin tanning and/or aldehyde tanning, oil tanning in any sequence and or any new type of tanning.         Dyeing - Treating the leather with a solution of dye/s to impart a colour. In case of doubt the presence of dye should be ascertained by extracting dye from leather using suitable solvent mixture and by running thin layer chromatography (TLC) Note: 1:- Testing for the presence of dye: Organic layer separated from Butanol, acetic acid and water mixture taken in the ratio 4: 1: 5, using a separating funnel is taken as the eluting solvent for TLC analysis. Dye is extrac....

X X   X X   Extracts   X X   X X

Full Text of the Document

X X   X X   Extracts   X X   X X

.... the five locations namely butt, belly (one each side of the back bone line) and neck or shoulder examined. To the naked eye, the grain surface may appear to be plain, but when focused under microscope, innumerable depressions can be seen on the surface. These depressions are due to cleavages lines and hair pores. If finish coat is sprayed on the grain surface, it will be present throughout, including depressed areas and both the depressed and other areas will produce the same type of reflection which is clearly visible under the microscope. Buffing - An operation to produce a clean flesh surface to produce nap on leather by the action of emery wheel or a buffing machine Shaving - A mechanical operation of reducing the substance of....