AI OCR 
TaxTMI 
TaxTMI 
TaxTMI 
Definitions
X X X X Extracts X X X X
X X X X Extracts X X X X
.... (a) the expression "significant influence" means control of at least twenty per cent. of total voting power, or control of or participation in business decisions under an agreement; (b) the expression "joint venture" means a joint arrangement whereby the parties that have joint control of the arrangement have rights to the net assets of the arrangement;] (7) "auditing standards" means the standards of auditing or any addendum thereto for companies or class of companies referred to in sub-section (10) of section 143; (8) "authorised capital" or "nominal capital" means such capital as is authorised by the memorandum of a company to be the maximum amount of share capital of the company; (9) "banking company" means a banking company as defined in clause (c) of section 5 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949 (10 of 1949); (10) "Board of Directors" or "Board", in relation to a company, means the collective body of the directors of the company; (11) "body corporate" or "corporation" includes a company incorporated outside India, but does not include- (i) a co-operative society registered under any law relating to co-operative societies; and ....
X X X X Extracts X X X X
X X X X Extracts X X X X
....any under this Act;] (24) "company secretary" or "secretary" means a company secretary as defined in clause (c) of sub-section (1) of section 2 of the Company Secretaries Act, 1980 (56 of 1980) who is appointed by a company to perform the functions of a company secretary under this Act; (25) "company secretary in practice" means a company secretary who is deemed to be in practice under sub-section (2) of section 2 of the Company Secretaries Act, 1980 (56 of 1980); (26) "contributory" means a person liable to contribute towards the assets of the company in the event of its being wound up. Explanation.-For the purposes of this clause, it is hereby clarified that a person holding fully paid-up shares in a company shall be considered as a contributory but shall have no liabilities of a contributory under the Act whilst retaining rights of such a contributory; (27) "control" shall include the right to appoint majority of the directors or to control the management or policy decisions exercisable by a person or persons acting individually or in concert, directly or indirectly, including by virtue of their shareholding or management rights or shareholders agreements or votin....
X X X X Extracts X X X X
X X X X Extracts X X X X
....ncludes any interim dividend; (36) "document" includes summons, notice, requisition, order, declaration, form and register, whether issued, sent or kept in pursuance of this Act or under any other law for the time being in force or otherwise, maintained on paper or in electronic form; (37) "employees' stock option" means the option given to the directors, officers or employees of a company or of its holding company or subsidiary company or companies, if any, which gives such directors, officers or employees, the benefit or right to purchase, or to subscribe for, the shares of the company at a future date at a pre-determined price; (38) "expert" includes an engineer, a valuer, a chartered accountant, a company secretary, a cost accountant and any other person who has the power or authority to issue a certificate in pursuance of any law for the time being in force; (39) "financial institution" includes a scheduled bank, and any other financial institution defined or notified under the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 (2 of 1934); (40) "financial statement" in relation to a company, includes- (i) a balance sheet as at the end of the financial year; ....
X X X X Extracts X X X X
X X X X Extracts X X X X
.... (i) any amount representing unrealised gains, notional gains or revaluation of assets, whether shown as a reserve or otherwise, or (ii) any change in carrying amount of an asset or of a liability recognized in equity, including surplus in profit and loss account on measurement of the asset or the liability at fair value, shall not be treated as free reserves; (44) "Global Depository Receipt" means any instrument in the form of a depository receipt, by whatever name called, created by a foreign depository outside India and authorised by a company making an issue of such depository receipts; (45) "Government company" means any company in which not less than fifty-one per cent of the paid-up share capital is held by the Central Government, or by any State Government or Governments, or partly by the Central Government and partly by one or more State Governments, and includes a company which is a subsidiary company of such a Government company; (46) "holding company", in relation to one or more other companies, means a company of which such companies are subsidiary companies; ^12[Explanation.-For the purposes of this clause, the expression "co....
X X X X Extracts X X X X
X X X X Extracts X X X X
.... and endorse any negotiable instrument or to sign any certificate of share or to direct registration of transfer of any share, shall not be deemed to be included within the substantial powers of management; (55) "member", in relation to a company, means- (i) the subscriber to the memorandum of the company who shall be deemed to have agreed to become member of the company, and on its registration, shall be entered as member in its register of members; (ii) every other person who agrees in writing to become a member of the company and whose name is entered in the register of members of the company; (iii) every person holding shares of the company and whose name is entered as a beneficial owner in the records of a depository; (56) "memorandum" means the memorandum of association of a company as originally framed or as altered from time to time in pursuance of any previous company law or of this Act; (57) "net worth" means the aggregate value of the paid-up share capital and all reserves created out of the profits ^16[, securities premium account and debit or credit balance of profit and loss account,] after deducting the aggregate value of the accum....
X X X X Extracts X X X X
X X X X Extracts X X X X
.... 359; (62) "One Person Company" means a company which has only one person as a member; (63) "ordinary or special resolution" means an ordinary resolution, or as the case may be, special resolution referred to in section 114; (64) "paid-up share capital" or "share capital paid-up" means such aggregate amount of money credited as paid-up as is equivalent to the amount received as paid-up in respect of shares issued and also includes any amount credited as paid-up in respect of shares of the company, but does not include any other amount received in respect of such shares, by whatever name called; (65) "postal ballot" means voting by post or through any electronic mode; (66) "prescribed" means prescribed by rules made under this Act; (67) "previous company law" means any of the laws specified below:- (i) Acts relating to companies in force before the Indian Companies Act, 1866 (10 of 1866); (ii) the Indian Companies Act, 1866 (10 of 1866); (iii) the Indian Companies Act, 1882 (6 of 1882); (iv) the Indian Companies Act, 1913 (7 of 1913); (v) the Registration of Transferred Companies Ordinance, 1942 (Ord. 54 of 1942); ....
X X X X Extracts X X X X
X X X X Extracts X X X X
....ely in a professional capacity; (70) "prospectus" means any document described or issued as a prospectus and includes a red herring prospectus referred to in section 32 or shelf prospectus referred to in section 31 or any notice, circular, advertisement or other document inviting offers from the public for the subscription or purchase of any securities of a body corporate; (71) "public company" means a company which- (a) is not a private company; ^17[and] (b) has a minimum paid-up share capital ^4[****] as may be prescribed: Provided that a company which is a subsidiary of a company, not being a private company, shall be deemed to be public company for the purposes of this Act even where such subsidiary company continues to be a private company in its articles ; (72) "public financial institution" means- (i) the Life Insurance Corporation of India, established under section 3 of the Life Insurance Corporation Act, 1956 (31 of 1956); (ii) the Infrastructure Development Finance Company Limited, referred to in clause (vi) of sub-section (1) of section 4A of the Companies Act, 1956 (1 of 1956) so repealed under section 465 of this A....
X X X X Extracts X X X X
X X X X Extracts X X X X
.... a professional capacity; ^19[(viii) any body corporate which is- (A) a holding, subsidiary or an associate company of such company; (B) a subsidiary of a holding company to which it is also a subsidiary; or (C) an investing company or the venturer of the company; Explanation.-For the purpose of this clause, "the investing company or the venturer of a company" means a body corporate whose investment in the company would result in the company becoming an associate company of the body corporate.] (ix) such other person as may be prescribed; (77) "relative", with reference to any person, means any one who is related to another, if- (i) they are members of a Hindu Undivided Family; (ii) they are husband and wife; or (iii) one person is related to the other in such manner as may be prescribed; (78) "remuneration" means any money or its equivalent given or passed to any person for services rendered by him and includes perquisites as defined under the Income-tax Act, 1961 (43 of 1961); (79) "Schedule" means a Schedule annexed to this Act; ....
X X X X Extracts X X X X
X X X X Extracts X X X X
....d of Directors shall be deemed to be controlled by another company if that other company by exercise of some power exercisable by it at its discretion can appoint or remove all or a majority of the directors; (c) the expression "company" includes any body corporate; (d) "layer" in relation to a holding company means its subsidiary or subsidiaries; (88) "sweat equity shares" means such equity shares as are issued by a company to its directors or employees at a discount or for consideration, other than cash, for providing their know-how or making available rights in the nature of intellectual property rights or value additions, by whatever name called; (89) "total voting power", in relation to any matter, means the total number of votes which may be cast in regard to that matter on a poll at a meeting of a company if all the members thereof or their proxies having a right to vote on that matter are present at the meeting and cast their votes; (90) "Tribunal" means the National Company Law Tribunal constituted under section 408; ^24[(91) "turnover" means the gross amount of revenue recognised in the profit and loss account from the sale, supply, or distri....
X X X X Extracts X X X X
X X X X Extracts X X X X
....453(E) dated 15-11-2016) 8. Substituted vide Section 2 of the Companies (Amendment) Act, 2017 w.e.f. 07-05-2018 (Notified vide Notification No. S.O. 1833 (E) dated 07-05-2018) before it was read as, "Explanation.-For the purposes of this clause, "significant influence" means control of at least twenty per cent of total share capital, or of business decisions under an agreement;" 9. Substituted vide Section 2 of the Companies (Amendment) Act, 2017 w.e.f. 09-02-2018 (Notified vide Notification No. S.O. 630(E) dated 09-02-2018) before it was read as, "(28) "cost accountant" means a cost accountant as defined in clause (b) of sub-section (1) of section 2 of the Cost and Works Accountants Act, 1959 (23 of 1959);" 10. Inserted vide Section 2 of the Companies (Amendment) Act, 2017 w.e.f. 09-02-2018 (Notified vide Notification No. S.O. 630(E) dated 09-02-2018) 11. Inserted vide Section 2 of the Companies (Amendment) Act, 2017 w.e.f. 09-02-2018 (Notified vide Notification No. S.O. 630(E) dated 09-02-2018) 12. I....