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    <title>2026 (9) TMI 644 - CALCUTTA HIGH COURT</title>
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    <description>Presumptions of consideration and legally enforceable debt arising from an admitted cheque signature are rebuttable on a preponderance of probabilities. A probable defence may emerge from deficiencies in the complainant&#039;s evidence, including failure to establish financial capacity to advance an alleged cash loan through bank records, receipts, or another financial trail. Delivery of a signed blank cheque does not eliminate the need to prove the underlying liability once such a defence is raised. Non-production of a material eyewitness may justify an adverse inference. Consistent defence evidence and evidentiary gaps can rebut the presumption, leaving the alleged debt unproved and a cheque-dishonour conviction unsustainable.</description>
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      <description>Presumptions of consideration and legally enforceable debt arising from an admitted cheque signature are rebuttable on a preponderance of probabilities. A probable defence may emerge from deficiencies in the complainant&#039;s evidence, including failure to establish financial capacity to advance an alleged cash loan through bank records, receipts, or another financial trail. Delivery of a signed blank cheque does not eliminate the need to prove the underlying liability once such a defence is raised. Non-production of a material eyewitness may justify an adverse inference. Consistent defence evidence and evidentiary gaps can rebut the presumption, leaving the alleged debt unproved and a cheque-dishonour conviction unsustainable.</description>
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