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    <title>2026 (9) TMI 712 - GAUHATI HIGH COURT</title>
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    <description>Criminal prosecution for wilful non-production of accounts or false verification cannot rest on assessment findings displaced by appellate adjudication on merits and a fresh assessment; complaints founded on the superseded assessment lack a sustainable factual basis. Corporate vicarious liability requires arraignment of the company where directors are prosecuted for the company&#039;s alleged offence; director-only complaints are not maintainable. Civil penalty proceedings and criminal prosecution remain distinct: initiation of penalties for non-compliance or concealment does not, by itself, amount to double jeopardy or bar prosecution. The central principle is that prosecution cannot survive once the factual foundation of alleged concealment, falsity, or wilful non-compliance has been removed.</description>
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      <description>Criminal prosecution for wilful non-production of accounts or false verification cannot rest on assessment findings displaced by appellate adjudication on merits and a fresh assessment; complaints founded on the superseded assessment lack a sustainable factual basis. Corporate vicarious liability requires arraignment of the company where directors are prosecuted for the company&#039;s alleged offence; director-only complaints are not maintainable. Civil penalty proceedings and criminal prosecution remain distinct: initiation of penalties for non-compliance or concealment does not, by itself, amount to double jeopardy or bar prosecution. The central principle is that prosecution cannot survive once the factual foundation of alleged concealment, falsity, or wilful non-compliance has been removed.</description>
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