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    <title>Financial debt under the IBC can be proved without a written loan agreement, and settlement breach can revive a fresh Section 7 claim.</title>
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    <description>Under the IBC, a written loan agreement is not a sine qua non for proving financial debt; debt and default may be established from contemporaneous records such as bank statements, acknowledgements, promissory notes, TDS on interest and post-dated cheques, so rejection solely for absence of a written contract is unsustainable. Withdrawal of an earlier Section 7 petition without leave does not bar a fresh petition when a subsequent breach of settlement creates a new cause of action, and res judicata does not apply in that situation. The adjudicating authority&#039;s role is limited to verifying debt and default from the record, and where material supports both, admission of the petition follows.</description>
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    <pubDate>Mon, 23 Mar 2026 08:49:39 +0530</pubDate>
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      <title>Financial debt under the IBC can be proved without a written loan agreement, and settlement breach can revive a fresh Section 7 claim.</title>
      <link>https://www.taxtmi.com/highlights?id=97980</link>
      <description>Under the IBC, a written loan agreement is not a sine qua non for proving financial debt; debt and default may be established from contemporaneous records such as bank statements, acknowledgements, promissory notes, TDS on interest and post-dated cheques, so rejection solely for absence of a written contract is unsustainable. Withdrawal of an earlier Section 7 petition without leave does not bar a fresh petition when a subsequent breach of settlement creates a new cause of action, and res judicata does not apply in that situation. The adjudicating authority&#039;s role is limited to verifying debt and default from the record, and where material supports both, admission of the petition follows.</description>
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