https://www.taxtmi.com/caselaws?id=466090 A plea that a cheque had been materially altered by addition of a numeral, changing the amount stated on its face, raised a substantial defence because proven alteration would affect enforceability of the instrument. Expert examination under Section 45 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 could therefore be permitted to assist the accused in proving the defence and securing a fair trial. The statutory presumptions under the Negotiable Instruments Act did not bar rebuttal on the ground of material alteration, and the trial court's order sending the cheque for handwriting and forensic examination was upheld. en-us Fri, 01 Feb 2013 00:00:00 +0530 Fri, 23 Jan 2026 11:53:46 +0530 TaxTMI RSS Generator https://www.taxtmi.com/caselaws?id=466090 A plea that a cheque had been materially altered by addition of a numeral, changing the amount stated on its face, raised a substantial defence because proven alteration would affect enforceability of the instrument. Expert examination under Section 45 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872 could therefore be permitted to assist the accused in proving the defence and securing a fair trial. The statutory presumptions under the Negotiable Instruments Act did not bar rebuttal on the ground of material alteration, and the trial court's order sending the cheque for handwriting and forensic examination was upheld. Case-Laws Indian Laws Fri, 01 Feb 2013 00:00:00 +0530 https://www.taxtmi.com/caselaws?id=466090