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    <title>2026 (1) TMI 844 - JAMMU AND KASHMIR HIGH COURT</title>
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    <description>Dishonour of a cheque caused by unauthenticated alteration in the amount constitutes a material alteration and, if made by the drawer with intent to prevent payment, attracts criminal liability under the negotiable instruments regime; this follows from the principle that alterations preventing honour render the instrument void as against the party making them and may convert dishonour into an offence when preceded by a statutory demand notice which the drawer fails to comply with. If the payee effected the alteration to obtain undue benefit, liability may differ. Determination of who made the alteration and related intent is a question of fact to be adjudicated at trial; non-response to the demand notice is adverse to the drawer.</description>
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      <description>Dishonour of a cheque caused by unauthenticated alteration in the amount constitutes a material alteration and, if made by the drawer with intent to prevent payment, attracts criminal liability under the negotiable instruments regime; this follows from the principle that alterations preventing honour render the instrument void as against the party making them and may convert dishonour into an offence when preceded by a statutory demand notice which the drawer fails to comply with. If the payee effected the alteration to obtain undue benefit, liability may differ. Determination of who made the alteration and related intent is a question of fact to be adjudicated at trial; non-response to the demand notice is adverse to the drawer.</description>
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