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    <title>Central Bank Accounting Practices: The Reserve Bank of India and Global Approaches - Keynote Address delivered by Shri Shirish Chandra Murmu, Deputy Governor, Reserve Bank of India on November 14, 2025, at first International Conference on Central Bank Accounting Practices organised by Reserve Bank of India jointly with the SEACEN Centre in Mumbai</title>
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    <description>Accounting frameworks for central banks vary widely; key policy choices affecting capital and income recognition include revaluation frequency, treatment of unrealised gains and losses, provisioning methodology, and surplus distribution. RBI&#039;s approach under its statutory framework and the Economic Capital Framework emphasises prudence: daily translation of foreign currency and gold, periodic mark-to-market of domestic securities, non-recognition of unrealised gains as income, charging unrealised losses to contingency provisions, separation of Issue Department accounts, and rule-based surplus transfers, with disclosures balancing transparency and confidentiality.</description>
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      <description>Accounting frameworks for central banks vary widely; key policy choices affecting capital and income recognition include revaluation frequency, treatment of unrealised gains and losses, provisioning methodology, and surplus distribution. RBI&#039;s approach under its statutory framework and the Economic Capital Framework emphasises prudence: daily translation of foreign currency and gold, periodic mark-to-market of domestic securities, non-recognition of unrealised gains as income, charging unrealised losses to contingency provisions, separation of Issue Department accounts, and rule-based surplus transfers, with disclosures balancing transparency and confidentiality.</description>
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