https://www.taxtmi.com/news?id=59576 Kavach is an indigenously designed Automatic Train Protection system claimed to be equivalent to ETCS Level II but remains to be operationalised and, according to Hitachi Rail India, is not yet proven to global safety and performance standards. The article contrasts Kavach with previously deployed TPWS (ETCS Level I) and observes that India's cost-driven L1 procurement approach can influence technology choice despite concerns about proven superiority, interoperability and certification. en-us Thu, 23 Oct 2025 18:16:03 +0530 Thu, 23 Oct 2025 18:16:03 +0530 TaxTMI RSS Generator https://www.taxtmi.com/news?id=59576 Kavach is an indigenously designed Automatic Train Protection system claimed to be equivalent to ETCS Level II but remains to be operationalised and, according to Hitachi Rail India, is not yet proven to global safety and performance standards. The article contrasts Kavach with previously deployed TPWS (ETCS Level I) and observes that India's cost-driven L1 procurement approach can influence technology choice despite concerns about proven superiority, interoperability and certification. News - Thu, 23 Oct 2025 18:16:03 +0530 https://www.taxtmi.com/news?id=59576