https://www.taxtmi.com/caselaws?id=773182 Income-tax treatment of employee benefits, amalgamation expenses and export deductions is addressed across multiple assessment years. Leave-encashment provisions supported by actuarial valuation, productivity-linked incentives treated as ascertained staff welfare liabilities, and post-amalgamation pre-operative expenses remain deductible; a restriction on accumulated losses and depreciation does not extend to such expenses. Employer provident-fund contributions paid after the statutory due date are not deductible. For export-profit deduction, net interest and rental income apply, prior-period expenses remain indirect costs where already deducted, and bad-debt write-offs or liability reversals should not duplicate indirect costs. Dividend income and profit on asset sales are treated as other income, while investment interest may be business income. Exempt-income expenditure attracts a reasonable disallowance even without Rule 8D. en-us Wed, 23 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0530 Wed, 18 Jun 2025 11:04:14 +0530 TaxTMI RSS Generator https://www.taxtmi.com/caselaws?id=773182 Income-tax treatment of employee benefits, amalgamation expenses and export deductions is addressed across multiple assessment years. Leave-encashment provisions supported by actuarial valuation, productivity-linked incentives treated as ascertained staff welfare liabilities, and post-amalgamation pre-operative expenses remain deductible; a restriction on accumulated losses and depreciation does not extend to such expenses. Employer provident-fund contributions paid after the statutory due date are not deductible. For export-profit deduction, net interest and rental income apply, prior-period expenses remain indirect costs where already deducted, and bad-debt write-offs or liability reversals should not duplicate indirect costs. Dividend income and profit on asset sales are treated as other income, while investment interest may be business income. Exempt-income expenditure attracts a reasonable disallowance even without Rule 8D. Case-Laws Income Tax Wed, 23 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0530 https://www.taxtmi.com/caselaws?id=773182