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    <title>2025 (4) TMI 1356 - ITAT MUMBAI</title>
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    <description>Surcharge under the income-tax scheme is part of the Finance Act rate structure and not an independent flat levy. For an assessee taxed at the maximum marginal rate, Section 2(29C) was read as referring to the surcharge applicable under the relevant slab and threshold scheme, not as requiring automatic application of the highest surcharge rate in every case. Because Sections 164 and 167B do not prescribe surcharge, the surcharge component must follow the graded rates and income thresholds in the Finance Act and First Schedule. A uniform highest surcharge irrespective of income would be inconsistent with that structure.</description>
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