https://www.taxtmi.com/caselaws?id=768516 In complaints under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, cognizance may proceed on the complaint, supporting documents and affidavit, and the Magistrate is not bound to first examine the complainant and witnesses on oath before issuing notice under the first proviso to Section 223(1) of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023. The procedural requirement of oral examination at that stage remains directory in this special class of cases, and the insertion of the hearing proviso in Section 223(1) does not alter that settled position. en-us Wed, 02 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0530 Wed, 09 Apr 2025 07:42:29 +0530 TaxTMI RSS Generator https://www.taxtmi.com/caselaws?id=768516 In complaints under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881, cognizance may proceed on the complaint, supporting documents and affidavit, and the Magistrate is not bound to first examine the complainant and witnesses on oath before issuing notice under the first proviso to Section 223(1) of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023. The procedural requirement of oral examination at that stage remains directory in this special class of cases, and the insertion of the hearing proviso in Section 223(1) does not alter that settled position. Case-Laws Indian Laws Wed, 02 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0530 https://www.taxtmi.com/caselaws?id=768516