https://www.taxtmi.com/caselaws?id=458425 Where issuance of cheques is admitted, presumptions under Sections 118 and 139 of the Negotiable Instruments Act operate in favour of the holder, and the drawer must rebut them with cogent evidence of no liability or discharge. A defence that the cheques were only security instruments will not suffice unless supported by the record; alteration and countersignature on cheque dates, together with failure to demand return after notice, may support liability. Non-production of a memorandum of understanding or related documents does not, by itself, defeat the presumption or warrant adverse inference where the defence does not specifically show that those documents negate liability. en-us Fri, 24 Apr 2015 00:00:00 +0530 Mon, 28 Oct 2024 10:06:53 +0530 TaxTMI RSS Generator https://www.taxtmi.com/caselaws?id=458425 Where issuance of cheques is admitted, presumptions under Sections 118 and 139 of the Negotiable Instruments Act operate in favour of the holder, and the drawer must rebut them with cogent evidence of no liability or discharge. A defence that the cheques were only security instruments will not suffice unless supported by the record; alteration and countersignature on cheque dates, together with failure to demand return after notice, may support liability. Non-production of a memorandum of understanding or related documents does not, by itself, defeat the presumption or warrant adverse inference where the defence does not specifically show that those documents negate liability. Case-Laws Indian Laws Fri, 24 Apr 2015 00:00:00 +0530 https://www.taxtmi.com/caselaws?id=458425