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    <title>2024 (5) TMI 1431 - KERALA HIGH COURT</title>
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    <description>In a prosecution under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, the statutory presumptions under Sections 118 and 139 were held to be rebuttable on a preponderance of probabilities. The accused raised a probable defence that the cheque had been issued only as security for a different transaction, and the evidence also supported the defence case that the payee&#039;s name had been inserted in different ink and handwriting. The complainant&#039;s inconsistent evidence did not establish that the cheque was issued towards a legally enforceable debt owed to him. In an appeal against acquittal, the reinforced presumption of innocence remained relevant, and no basis was found to interfere with the acquittal.</description>
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      <title>2024 (5) TMI 1431 - KERALA HIGH COURT</title>
      <link>https://www.taxtmi.com/caselaws?id=753378</link>
      <description>In a prosecution under Section 138 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, the statutory presumptions under Sections 118 and 139 were held to be rebuttable on a preponderance of probabilities. The accused raised a probable defence that the cheque had been issued only as security for a different transaction, and the evidence also supported the defence case that the payee&#039;s name had been inserted in different ink and handwriting. The complainant&#039;s inconsistent evidence did not establish that the cheque was issued towards a legally enforceable debt owed to him. In an appeal against acquittal, the reinforced presumption of innocence remained relevant, and no basis was found to interfere with the acquittal.</description>
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